韩娜娜 王爱文 余蕾 李阳 黄晖明

摘    要：2019年新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）的疫情暴发和流行，在健康、经济和生活方式方面对人类社会造成了前所未有的威胁，持续社交隔离导致的体力活动不足会降低人体抵御病毒感染的能力，对免疫、呼吸、心血管、肌肉骨骼系统以及心理产生损害。体力活动对COVID-19疫情是否具有主动防控的潜在作用，其内在机制如何？基于既往研究和COVID-19最新相关数据，从COVID-19及其病原体新型冠状病毒（SARS-CoV-2）密切关联的生物学角度[ACE2-Ang（1-7）-Mas轴、免疫系统、心理、心肺功能方面]，综述了体力活动对COVID-19防控潜在的生物学机制。综合显示：COVID-19病原体（SARS-CoV-2）可通过ACE2感染多个脏器细胞，主要与ACE2-Ang（1-7）-Mas轴的下调、ACE-Ang II-AT1R通路的过度激活有关，而体力活动可以激活ACE2-Ang（1-7）-Mas轴，调节两者之间的平衡;适当的体力活动对增强免疫功能和降低病毒感染的风险、持续时间和严重性有益;体力活动还可通过调节人体交感神经系统等降低人的焦虑和抑郁水平;适当的体力活动可提高心肺适能、减轻全身炎症反应，降低斑块破裂风险。

关键词：体力活动;新冠肺炎;ACE2;免疫系统;生物学机制

中图分类号：G 804.55          学科代码：040302           文献标识码：A

Abstract：The outbreak and epidemic of novel coronavirus pneumonia（COVID-19） has caused hitherto unknown threat to human society in health， economy and lifestyle. Continuous physical activity caused by social distancing can reduce the risk of human body against virus infection， and damage the immune system， respiratory system， cardiovascular system， musculoskeletal system and psychology. Does physical activity have the potential function of active prevention and control of COVID-19 pandemic， and what is its internal mechanism？ Novel coronavirus （SARS-CoV-2） is closely related to COVID-19 and its pathogen [ACE2-Ang （1-7） - Mas axis， immune system， psychology， cardiopulmonary function] based on previous research and the latest evidence of COVID-19. The potential biological mechanism of physical activity on COVID-19 prevention and control is reviewed. The results show that COVID-19 pathogen （SARS-CoV-2） could infect multiple organ cells through ACE2， which was mainly related to the down regulation of ACE2-Ang （1-7） - MAS axis and the over activation of CE-Ang II-AT1R pathway， while physical activity could activate ACE2- Ang （1-7） - MAS axis and regulate the balance between them; appropriate physical activity is beneficial to enhance immune function and reduce the risk， duration and severity of virus infection; physical activity can also reduce peoples anxiety and depression by regulating human sympathetic nervous system; appropriate physical activity can improve cardiopulmonary fitness， reduce systemic inflammatory response and reduce the risk of plaque rupture.

Keywords：physical activity; COVID-19; ACE2; immune system; biological mechanism

隨着COVID-19大流行的持续，各个国家或地区积极采取社交隔离措施，防止人与人之间的传播[1]。由于针对COVID-19的最终疫苗、特效药物和治疗方法短期尚不能确定[2]。密切接触者追踪和社交隔离是目前控制COVID-19疫情最有效的手段[3]。全国范围内的大规模隔离，已在中国被证明有效地遏制了COVID-19疫情，同时也限制了境外感染病例的输入[4-5]。……