张鹏 曹红霞 张建锴 胡笑涛

摘 要：以溫室油桃为试验材料，探明滴灌施肥条件下，不同灌水和施肥水平对油桃产量及水肥利用的影响。试验设置3个灌水水平，W1（90%θf）、W2（75%θf） 、W3（60%θf）（θf为田间持水量），当任一水分处理的土壤含水率达灌水下限50%θf时开始统一灌水;设置3个NPK施肥水平：F1（130%F2）、F2（N 200 kg/hm2+ P2O5 120 kg/hm2+ K2O 240 kg/hm2）、F3（70%F2），完全组合，并以当地灌水施肥方式为对照（CK）。结果表明：CK的产量较低，水肥利用效率低，滴灌施肥油桃产量、水分利用效率、偏肥料生产力受灌水和施肥水平及交互效应影响显著（P<0.05）。低水低肥处理产量均较低，中水W2和中肥F2水平促进了产量的增加，而W1和F1水平增产效应不明显，甚至出现负效应;水分利用效率随灌水水平的提高先增后减，W1下各施肥水平的差异不明显，W2下F2水平的值最高，F3最低，W3下2017年和2018年的变化规律不同;对于偏肥料生产力，在同一施肥水平下，均由W3到W2而变大，W1水平的效应不稳定，在同一灌水水平下，高肥F1的值最小。经非线性模型拟合，得出基于高产、节水、节肥的灌水和施肥量范围分别为750～900 m3/hm2和510～610 kg/hm2。

关键词：滴灌施肥;温室油桃;产量;水肥利用效率;回归拟合

中图分类号：S274.1; S628 文献标志码：A

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1000-1379.2021.08.028

引用格式：张鹏，曹红霞，张建锴，等.滴灌施肥对温室油桃产量及水肥利用效率的影响[J].人民黄河，2021，43（8）：152-158.

Abstract： By using nectarine trees in greenhouse as experimental material， the effects of different irrigation and fertilization levels on nectarine yield， water and fertilizer utilization efficiency under drip fertigation were studied. Three irrigation levels were set in the experiment， W1 （90% θf）， W2 （75% θf） and W3 （60% θf）， irrigation event began together when the soil moisture content of any treatment approached the lower limit of 50% θf; three NPK fertilization levels were set： F1 （130% F2）， F2 （N 200 kg/hm2+ P2O5 120 kg/hm2 + K2O 240 kg/hm2）， F3 （70% F2）， which were completely combined and the local irrigation and fertilization method （CK） was set as the contrast. The results show that the yield of CK is low and its using of water and fertilizer is also inefficient. The yield， water utilization efficiency and partial fertilizer productivity of nectarine under drip fertigation are significantly affected by irrigation and fertilization level and interaction effect （P<0.05）. The treatments with low-water and fertilizer amount have lower fruit yield than others. The yield is increased with irrigation level W2 and fertilization level F2， but the increasing effects are not obvious with W1 and F1 level and even show negative effects. Water utilization efficiency is increased first and then decreased with the increase of irrigation level. There is no significant difference in fertilization levels under W1. Under W2 level， the value of F2 level is the highest and F3 is the lowest and the effect of W3 is different in the two years. For partial fertilizer productivity， it increases from W3 to W2 at the same fertilization level， while the effect of W1 level is unstable. At the same irrigation level， the value of high fertilization level F1 is the smallest. According to the fitting of non-linear model， the irrigation and fertilization ranges based on the target of high yield， the water and fertilizer saving are 750-900 m3/hm2 and 510-610 kg/hm2.

Key words： drip fertigation; greenhouse nectarine; yield; water and fertilizer utilization efficiency; regression fitting

桃是一种世界性大宗果品，具有重要的商业价值，我国的桃树产量和种植面积均位居世界第一[1]。油桃作为一种口感浓甜且富有风味的水果，深受消费者喜爱[2]。陕北风沙区位于北纬36°57′—39°34′、东经107°28′—111°15′，年平均降水量为350～450 mm，且分布极不均匀[3-4]。近年来，随着当地生活水平的提高，设施农业逐渐兴起。目前，该地区的设施果树大都采用大水漫灌和开沟施肥，水肥利用效率低。

灌水和施肥是除园艺措施外影响果实产量的主要因素，适宜的灌水施肥方式及灌水施肥量能够在保证产量的前提下，节省肥料并减少田间无效水[5-6]。过多的水肥易造成土壤深层渗漏和肥料淋溶，且使营养过剩、生长过旺，水肥利用效率低，而水肥量过少又使得果实生长所需的水分和营养元素得不到满足，造成果实品质和产量低下，经济效益降低[7-8]。……