赵景业 赵留香 沈细中 刘社教 司舒阳

摘 要：排水垫层是排除渠道地下渗水的重要途径。目前尚无系统的高地下水位渠道无砂混凝土排水垫层的流固耦合研究成果，高地下水位时无砂混凝土排水垫层的力学性能尚不清楚，制约了其工程应用。基于无砂混凝土排水垫层的混合比试验成果，利用流固耦合理论及有限元分析方法，模拟高地下水位时渠道施工及运行状况，揭示高地下水位渠道无砂混凝土排水垫层的渗流及应力特征。结果表明，无砂混凝土可有效排除渠道地下渗水，可有效避免岩土体颗粒流失，且无砂混凝土排水垫层应力处于安全状态，可以确保施工与运行期渠道工程的安全。该成果已成功应用于南水北调中线干渠宝郏一标段高地下水位页岩段渠道施工中，也可供高地下水位渠道及类似工程建设时参考。

关键词：南水北调;渠道;高地下水位;无砂混凝土;排水垫层;流固耦合;渗流;应力

中图分类号：TV91;TV52 文献标志码：A

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1000-1379.2021.08.023

引用格式：赵景业，赵留香，沈细中，等.高地下水位渠道无砂混凝土垫层流固耦合分析[J].人民黄河，2021，43（8）：130-134.

Abstract： A drainage blanket is an important way to eliminate underground seepage. At present， there are no systematic fluid-solid coupling results of drainage blankets with no-sand concrete drainage in high groundwater level channels， and the mechanical properties of drainage blankets with no-sand concrete at high groundwater level are not clear， which restricts their engineering application. Based on the results of the mixing ratio test of drainage blankets with no-sand concrete drainage， using the fluid-solid coupling theory and finite element analysis method， the construction and operation of the channel at a high groundwater level were simulated. The seepage and stress characteristics of drainage blankets with no-sand concrete drainage in high groundwater level channel were revealed. The results show that the no-sand concrete drainage can effectively eliminate the underground seepage of the channel， effectively avoid the loss of rock and soil particles， and the stress of the drainage blankets with no-sand concrete drainage is in a safe state， which can ensure the safety of the channel engineering during the construction and operation periods. The results have been successfully applied to the channel construction of the shale section at a high groundwater level in Baoli section of the main channel of South-to-North Water Transfer Project， and can also be used for references in the construction of channels at a high groundwater level and similar projects.

Key words： South-to-North Water Transfer; channel; high groundwater level; no-sand concrete; drainage blanket; fluid-solid coupling; seepage; stress

渠道排水墊层是为了排除渠道两侧边坡及渠道底面地下渗水而设置的排水层，其主要作用是排除地下渗水，并阻止土体中土壤颗粒流失[1-3]。当渠道地下水位较高且渗流量大时，垫层中的砂或沙砾料容易流失而导致垫层失效，如：南水北调中线干渠宝郏一标段SH（3）21+115—SH（3）22+150段，地下水位在渠道设计水位以上，比渠道底板高出7 m左右;渠道边坡为风化页岩，裂隙很发育，降雨时或周边农田灌溉时渗水量明显加大，压实后的沙砾料垫层仍会被渗水带走，造成垫层不稳定，直接影响后续施工与工程安全。……