王子河 邓腾林 刘伟 赵义平 汪馨竹 杜晓峰

摘 要：2016年冬灌期和2017年春灌期采集了干旱半干旱地区内蒙古土默川平原黄灌区灌渠水、地下水以及雨水，通过测定不同时期水体的水化学成分及氢氧同位素值，分析了水化学类型和同位素的分布特征，探讨了不同时期灌渠水对地下水的影响，判明了地下水的补给来源。研究结果表明：研究区大部分区域地下水补给源为灌渠水，而河森茂村、后荒地村一带主要受降水和侧向补给影响;研究区灌渠水和地下水氢氧同位素组成差异明显，从灌渠水到地下水氢氧同位素呈贫化趋势，但冬灌期、春灌期灌渠水对地下水的影响基本一样;地下水冬灌期、春灌期水化学类型及其分布规律基本一致，主要有HCO3·Cl·SO4-Na·Ca·Mg、SO4·Cl-Na、HCO3·Cl-Na·Mg和Cl-Na型水。

关键词：氢氧同位素;水化学特征;地下水;土默川平原

中图分类号：TV211.1;X523 文献标志码：A

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1000-1379.2021.08.016

引用格式：王子河，邓腾林，刘伟，等.土默川平原黄灌区地下水水化学及氢氧同位素特征分析[J].人民黄河，2021，43（8）：84-89.

Abstract： Among the irrigation areas of the Yellow River， Tumochuan plain is located in the arid and semi-arid region， northwest of China. Hydrochemical composition and hydrogen， oxygen isotopes were measured by the samples of precipitation， the water in irrigation canal and groundwater were collected during winter irrigation in 2016 and spring irrigation in 2017 and analyzed to the recharge sources of groundwater and the effect of the water in irrigation canal on groundwater. The results show that the water in irrigation canal is the main recharge sources of groundwater in the large area， and precipitation and the lateral seepage water are the sources of the groundwater in the areas of Hesenmao and Houhuangdi villages. Hydrogen and oxygen isotopic characteristics of the water in irrigation canal that effects in the irrigation of winter and spring on groundwater are mostly the same and obviously different from groundwater， and hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions are gradually depleted from the water in irrigation canal to groundwater. The hydrochemical types of groundwater in the irrigation of winter and spring are basically similar and the distribution of which is generally the same. The types are mainly HCO3·Cl·SO4-Na·Ca·Mg and SO4·Cl-Na and HCO3·Cl-Na·Mg and Cl-Na.

Key words： hydrogen and oxygen isotopes; hydrochemical characteristics; groundwater; Tumochuan plain

河套平原分為前套平原（土默川平原）和后套平原（巴彦淖尔平原），总面积约21 000 km2[1]。其中土默川平原包括内蒙古省会城市呼和浩特市和重要工业城市包头，是内蒙古政治、经济、文化中心。土默川平原黄灌区作为西北地区典型的引黄灌区之一，农业生产高度依赖于灌溉，受不合理灌溉影响，灌区土壤次生盐渍化急剧发展，大量土地荒弃，作为当地群众唯一生活水源的地下水水质不断恶化，危及当地人民群众饮水安全。……