刘同凯 贾明敏 马平召

摘 要：把水资源作为最大的刚性约束已成为新形势下强化黄河水资源节约集约利用与管理、促进经济社会高质量发展的必然要求。在分析黄河水资源管理形势与主要症结的基础上，针对黄河先天来水不足、水资源过度开发、超量用水、流域内用水效率不高、节水意识不强等问题，提出了黄河水资源节约集约利用与管理的两步走路径：通过严格取用水的动态监管，强化需求侧“约束倒逼”和供给侧“优化提升”双向发力，从使命担当、底线思维、法律制度、精准化管理、信息化等5个方面实施水资源刚性约束，推动用水方式转变，使经济社会发展与水资源承载力相适应。

关键词：水资源管理;刚性约束;节约集约利用;黄河

中图分类号：TV213.4;TV882.1 文献标志码：A

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1000-1379.2021.08.013

引用格式：刘同凯，贾明敏，马平召.强化刚性约束下的黄河水资源节约集约利用与管理研究[J].人民黄河，2021，43（8）：70-73，121.

Abstract： Taking water resources as the maximum rigid constraint has become the inevitable requirement for strengthening water resources conservation， intension， scheduling and management in the Yellow River and promoting high-quality economic and social development under the new situation. On the basis of analyzing the situation and main crux of water resources management in the Yellow River， aiming at the problems of congenital water shortage， over-exploitation of water resources， excessive water use， low efficiency of water use and weak awareness of water saving in the basin， this paper put forward a two-step path of economical and intensive scheduling and management of water resources. Through the strict dynamic supervision of water withdrawal， the bi-directional efforts of constraint inversion on the demand side and optimization and upgrading on the supply side should be strengthened. Then， the rigid constraint of water resources should be implemented in five aspects of mission responsibility， bottom line thinking， legal system， precision management and informatization， so as to promote the transformation of water use mode， and promote the adaptation of economic and social development to water resources carrying capacity.

Key words： water resources management; rigid constraint; economical and intensive utilization; Yellow River

2019年9月18日，习近平总书记主持召开黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展座谈会并发表重要讲话，指出“黄河水资源量就这么多，搞生态建设要用水，发展经济、吃饭过日子也离不开水，不能把水当作无限供给的资源，要把水资源作为最大的刚性约束，推动用水方式由粗放向节约集约转变”[1]。习总书记的讲话是对黄河流域生态文明建设和经济社会发展规律的深刻洞察和科学把握，为黄河水资源刚性约束管理提供了思想指引和行动指南。水资源节约集约利用是实现黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展的现实要求和必然选择。……