康德奎 谷丰佑 周伟达

摘 要：为客观评价石羊河流域地下水管理水平，分析石羊河流域地下水管理工作取得的成效和存在的不足，以2011—2016年的地下水数据为基础，综合考虑石羊河流域基本情况，从管理措施、措施执行和管理成果3个方面，优选出全面反映地下水管理水平的10个指标，将地下水管理水平分为Ⅰ～Ⅴ级，以组合赋权法确定权重，并采用传统评分体系和多级模糊评价模型相结合的双重评价方法，对石羊河流域地下水管理水平进行定量评价。结果表明：2011—2016年石羊河流域地下水管理得分为74.72分，管理水平为Ⅲ级;石羊河流域法律法规与规章制度健全且实施到位，地下水有效监测率高但监测井密度过低;流域地下水漏斗区面积虽略有减小，但地下水供水占比持续增大，地下水位下降，水质属一般水平。

关键词：地下水管理;综合评价;组合赋权;石羊河流域

中图分类号：P641.8;TV882.8 文献标志码：A

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1000-1379.2021.08.012

引用格式：康德奎，谷丰佑，周伟达.石羊河流域地下水管理综合评价[J].人民黄河，2021，43（8）：65-69.

Abstract： In order to objectively evaluate the groundwater management level of Shiyang River basin， this paper analyzed the effectiveness and deficiencies of groundwater management in Shiyang River basin， based on groundwater data from 2011 to 2016. Comprehensively considering the basic situation of Shiyang River basin， it preferably selected 10 indicators that comprehensively reflected the groundwater management level from 3 aspects of management measures and measured implementation and management results. The groundwater management level was classified into Ⅰ to Ⅴ， and the weights were determined by the combined weighting method， and a dual evaluation method combining traditional scoring system and multi-level fuzzy evaluation model was used to quantitatively evaluate the groundwater management level in Shiyang River basin. The results show that the groundwater management score of Shiyang River basin from 2011 to 2016 is 74.72， and the management level is Ⅲ; the laws， regulations and rules of Shiyang River basin are sound and implemented; the effective monitoring rate of groundwater is high but the density of monitoring wells is too low; the leakage area of the basin plain area is slightly reduced， but the proportion of groundwater supply continues to increase， and the groundwater level is decreased. The water quality is at an average level.

Key words： groundwater management; comprehensive evaluation; portfolio empowerment; Shiyang River Basin

我國西北地区人口众多，耕地面积较大，但可利用水资源量匮乏，严重制约区域经济发展。石羊河流域属典型的资源性缺水地区，河流水系不发达，地表水资源紧缺，只能通过开采地下水缓解日趋紧张的区域水资源供需矛盾，保障经济的可持续发展。但由于缺乏科学的水资源开发利用规划和调度管理，经济发展方式与水资源承载能力不匹配，因此导致地下水超采严重。针对水资源利用和生态环境存在的问题，石羊河流域管理局积极开展地下水管理工作，缓解了地下水超采状况。……