乔春贵 梁钰 王君 戴翠贤

摘 要：利用美國气象环境预报中心制作的NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料和黄河流域国家气象站（国家基准、基本和一般气象站）、区域站（地面加密观测站）逐小时降水资料，对2018年7月10—11日黄河流域中游出现的致洪暴雨过程进行诊断分析，结果表明：受台风“玛丽亚”西北移动影响，副高稳定少动，低槽移动缓慢，导致降水维持时间长，降水落区呈东北西南向;暴雨区主要的水汽来源为台风“玛利亚”，受黄河中游地形和中高纬度西北气流的影响，水汽通量辐合区域走向和暴雨落区一致，850—700 hPa为暴雨主要水汽输送层;暴雨区出现在中低层θse等值线密集区右侧暖区一侧，且中层存在θse/p>0的大值区域;高低空急流存在明显的耦合机制，中低层辐合区、高层辐散区重叠是降水强度增强和乔沟湾站大暴雨产生的主要原因，200 hPa散度正值区的移动早于低层散度负值区的移动，对降水落区移动有指示意义。700 hPa锋生函数水平分布和降水分布较为一致，锋生函数数值南小北大的水平分布和降水分布一致，锋生函数的大值中心和降水量超过100 mm的中心吻合。

关键词：水汽通量;水汽通量散度;高低空急流耦合;锋生函数;黄河中游

中图分类号：P458.1+21.1;TV882.1 文献标志码：A doi：10.3969/;.issn.1000-1379.2021.08.005

引用格式：乔春贵，梁钰，王君，等.黄河中游一次致洪暴雨过程的天气学诊断[J].人民黄河，2021，43（8）：26-32.

Abstract： Using the NCEP 1°×1° reanalysis data produced by the U.S. Center for Meteorological and Environmental Prediction and the hourly precipitation data from the National Weather Station （national reference， basic and general weather station） and regional station （ground-based encrypted observation station） of the Yellow River Basin， the paper diagnosed and analyzed the process of flood-causing rainstorms that occurred in the middle reaches of the Yellow River Basin on July 10 and 11， 2018. The outcomes show that affected by the northwest movement of Typhoon Maria， the subtropical high is stable and moves less， and the low trough moves slowly， leading to long precipitation maintenance time and falling precipitation. The area is in the northeast-southwest direction; the main source of water vapor in the heavy rain area is typhoon Maria. Affected by the topography of the middle reaches of the Yellow River and the northwest airflow at mid-high latitudes， the trend of the water vapor flux convergence area is the same as that of the rainstorm area， 850-700 hPa It is the main water vapor transport layer of the rainstorm; the rainstorm area appears on the side of the warm area on the right side of the dense θse contour area in the middle and low layers， and there is a large value area of θse/p>0 in the middle layer; the high and low jets have obvious coupling mechanism， the convergence of the middle and low levels and the overlap of the high-level divergence areas are the main reasons for the increase in precipitation intensity and the heavy rain at Qiaogouwan Station. The movement of the 200 hPa positive divergence area is earlier than that the movement of the low-level divergence area. Movement is indicative. The horizontal distribution of the frontogenesis function at 700 hPa is consistent with the distribution of precipitation. The horizontal distribution of the frontogenesis function value is consistent with the distribution of precipitation in the south and the north is large. The large value center of the frontogenesis function coincides with the center where the precipitation exceeds 100 mm.

Key words： water vapor flux; water vapor flux divergence; high-level jet coupling; frontogenesis function; Middle Yellow River

暴雨是气象灾害中最严重、最常发生的灾害之一，易造成大量人员伤亡和重大经济损失[1]。黄河中游地处中国内陆，其暴雨具有华北暴雨的一些特点，国内有很多学者对华北地区的暴雨从天气形势演变、水汽通量分布特点、季风暖湿输送带、干冷空气作用等方面进行了深入的分析总结[2-13]。黄河……