刘亮

[摘    要 ]随着社会经济的发展和城市化进程的加快，我国正在建设越来越多的工程项目。塔式起重机是建筑项目中重要和常见的建筑机械。如果使用正确，其可以极大地提高设计效率和项目效率。但是，由于它们通常在高空工作，因此必须确保塔式起重机的质量和安全性，稍有疏忽可能会导致严重的工业事故。如果有关人员没有按照相关程序和要求进行安装、维修和保养塔吊，则不仅无法保证塔吊的安装质量，而且还会严重影响后续施工的进度，影响到后续施工工作的进行，造成与施工安全有关的各种事故。因此，安装，维护和修理尤为重要。本文讨论塔式起重机的主要类型，分析塔式起重机的安装基本技术，检查塔式起重机的维护状况和有效策略。

[关键词]施工塔吊;安装工艺;维护保养

[中图分类号]TU61 [文献标志码]A [文章编号]2095–6487（2021）06–00–03

[Abstract]With the development of economy and society and the acceleration of urbanization， China is building more and more construction projects. Tower crane is one of the most important and common construction machinery in construction projects. If used correctly， they can greatly improve design efficiency and project efficiency. However， because they usually have to work at high altitude， it is necessary to ensure the quality and safety of tower crane， otherwise slight negligence will lead to serious industrial accidents. If the relevant personnel do not install， repair and maintain the tower crane according to the relevant procedures and requirements， it can not only effectively ensure the installation quality of the tower crane， but also seriously affect the progress of subsequent construction， and also affect the subsequent construction work. All kinds of accidents related to construction safety are caused. It is impossible to protect the basic rights and interests of construction workers. Therefore， installation， maintenance and repair are particularly important. In this regard， this paper will discuss the main types of tower crane， analyze the basic installation technology of tower crane， check the maintenance status and effective strategies of tower crane.

[Keywords]construction tower crane; Installation technology; Maintenance

1 施工塔吊的類型

1.1 行走结构

根据运行结构，塔式起重机可分为移动式塔式起重机和固定式塔式起重机。根据不同的运行机制，移动式塔式起重机分为4种类型：履带、轮胎、汽车和履带。带轨道的移动式塔式起重机通常安装在带有特殊轨道的轨道框架上，该特殊轨道可以随负载移动并具有良好的稳定性。轮胎起重机、汽车起重机和履带起重机是建筑项目中最常用的塔式起重机。移动塔式起重机不需要安装特殊的跑道，但是不能在重负荷下运行，稳定性差。固定式塔式起重机按其安装位置分为自爬式塔式起重机和内塔式起重机。……