APP下载

唐代莫高窟经变画乐舞图像述略

2021-09-03朱晓峰

敦煌研究 2021年6期

朱晓峰

(敦煌研究院 考古研究所, 甘肃 敦煌 736200)

内容摘要:经变画所绘乐舞图像是整个敦煌莫高窟壁画中极具特点和风格的部分,尤其是在唐代经变画绘制空前发展的背景下,乐舞图像不仅成为经变画表现佛教思想的重要手段,而且也是今人研究唐代乐舞史不可或缺的图像史料。本文从乐舞图像的分类、表现形式以及功能三个方面入手,对唐代莫高窟经变画乐舞图像加以耙梳,以期对经变画乐舞图像绘制动机、乐舞图像与佛经文本对应、乐舞图像与经变画关系等问题得出一定的结论,为敦煌乐舞和唐代乐舞史研究提供相关研究资料与学术支持。

关键词:唐代;莫高窟;经变画;乐舞图像

中图分类号:K879.21  文献标识码:A  文章编号:1000-4106(2021)06-0036-13

A Study on the Images of Music and Dance

in the Tang Dynasty Sutra Illustrations at Mogao

ZHU Xiaofeng

(Archaeological Research Institute, Dunhuang Academy, Dunhuang, Gansu 736200)

Abstract:Images depicting music and dance are common in the sutra illustrations at Mogao and constitute a unique artistic feature of the cave murals of the region, especially in the context of the unprecedented development of sutra illustrations that occurred during the Tang dynasty. These images are both an important detail of the sutra illustrations used to express Buddhist ideas, and an indispensable historical material for the study of the history of music and dance in the Tang dynasty. This paper analyzes these images from the three perspectives of classification, form of expression, and function, in order to shed light on the motives that produced these images in sutra illustrations, the correspondence between the images and the textual themes in Buddhist scripture, and the relationship between these images and the sutra illustrations in which they are embedded. This study contributes to research on Dunhuang music and dance and the history of music and dance in the Tang dynasty.

Keywords:Tang dynasty; Mogao Grottoes; sutra illustrations; music and dance images

经变画,就是佛教经典的图像式呈现,以通俗易懂的形式达到宣讲佛法、弘扬教的目的。莫高窟壁画所绘经变画,既有别于本生故事画、佛传故事画、因缘故事画,又有别于单身尊像,是专指将某一部佛经的几个品,或几部相关佛经组成的首尾完整、主次分明的大画。画史中所记的经变早已不存,而壁画上却留有“妙法莲华经变”“东方药师净土变”“西方净土变”等题记,是我们使用经变这一概念的依据[1-2]。经变画发展至唐代,逐渐成为洞窟壁画的主流,壁画内容明显反映当时净土思想的风行以及佛教社會化的趋势。根据施萍婷先生统计,莫高窟经变画共有30余种,其中唐代又是经变画最为繁盛的时代,反映不同佛教经典和思想的经变画在唐代的石窟壁面上交相辉映,层出不穷,经变画发展狂热的同时乐器图像和乐舞场面数量大幅增多。……

登录APP查看全文