张睿航 白昀

摘 要：地铁具有节省土地、干扰少、节约能源、准点快捷等优点，已成为城市交通重要的运输工具，在城市交通中发挥着不可替代的作用。但由于其特殊的建造结构，容易发生火灾事故且灭火救援难度较高，为了提升地铁消防安全水平，以西安市地铁运行状况为研究背景，结合地铁结构及相关事故案例，进行了地铁火灾事故特点及应对策略探析，归纳出地铁火灾事故发生的主要原因及特点，针对地铁火灾事故危险因素提出了具体的应对措施。分析认为，行之有效的应对策略能够为乘客和工作人员生命财产安全提供可靠保障，同时对城市轨道交通的安全运营具有重要的参考价值，充分体现了消防安全工作在城市轨道交通中的重要作用。

关键词：城市轨道交通;地铁火灾;事故成因;应急救援;安全措施

中图分类号：X 951

文献标识码：A   文章编号：1672-7312（2021）04-0483-06

Analysis on the Characteristics of Subway Fire Accidents in Xian and Its Countermeasures

ZHANG Ruihang1，BAI Yun2

（1.Operation and Training Division，Shaanxi Fire andRescue Brigade，Xian 710018，China;2.College of Computer Science and Technology，Xian University of Science and Technology，Xian 710054，China ）

Abstract：Urban subway has multiple advantages such assaving land，less interference，energy saving，and punctuality，and has become animportant means of transportation，playing an irreplaceable role in urbantraffic.However，due to its special construction structure，fire accidents areprone to occur and the difficulty of fire fighting and rescue is relativelyhigh.In order to improve the level of subway fire safety，based on the backgroundof the subway operating conditions in Xian，combined with the subway structureand related accident cases，urban rail transit fires were carried out.Thecharacteristics and response strategies of the accident are analyzed，the mainreasons and characteristics of subway fire accidents are summarized，and specificcountermeasures are proposed for the risk factors of subway fire accidents.Theanalysis believes that effective response strategies can provide reliableguarantees for the safety of the lives and property of passengers and staff，andat the same time have important reference value for the safe operation of urbanrail transit，fully embodying the important role of fire safety work in urbanrail transit.

Key words：urban rail transit;subway fire;causes of accidents

;emergency and rescue;safety strategies

0 引言

近年來，城市化进程明显加快，为了缓解日益严重的交通压力和环境污染，世界各大城市大力发展轨道交通[1]。相比于路面交通、高架等形式，地铁具有节约用地、污染少、干扰少、方便快捷、安全准时、无缝衔接等一系列优势，带给现代都市的变化涉及到各个领域，已成为国内外各大城市不可缺少的交通工具[2-3]。作为现代化的公共运输工具，地铁被认为是城市交通的骨干，在优化交通结构，引导城市布局，提高城市综合价值方面发挥着巨大的作用，随着乘坐地铁出行人群的增……