王珊珊 秦江涛

摘 要：考慮到人们生活物质水平的提高，产品生命周期被大大地缩短了，导致了许多环境和资源上的问题。在这些问题的基础上，构建了一个由制造商、零售商和消费者组成的闭环供应链。针对制造商所生产的新产品和再制造产品2种具有差异性，分别考虑无政府补贴和政府补贴制造商的情况下，综合运用最优化理论和博弈理论求解和比较分散决策和集中决策下供应链系统成员的最优定价策略和收益状况，最终得出2种产品的最优模型和最优定价策略，然后再通过算例分析验证相关的性质。研究表明：在集中决策模式下，当政府对制造商进行补贴的情况下，再制造产品的需求量增大，新产品的需求量减少，供应链的整体利润增大;在分散决策模式下，当产品差异化程度较小时，有政府补贴情况下新产品和再制造产品的需求量减少，制造商、零售商和供应链整体的利润得到提升;当产品差异化过大时，制造商的利润小于无政府补贴情况下的利润，有政府补贴的情况下整体供应链和零售商的利润要大于政府不补贴的情况。

关键词：物流管理;产品差异;闭环供应链;政府补贴;再制造;博弈论

中图分类号：F 252.5   文献标识码：A   文章编号：1672-7312（2021）04-0439-08

Research on Closed Loop Supply Chain Based on

Government Subsidies and Product Differentiation

WANG Shanshan，QIN Jiangtao

（School of management，Shanghai University ofTechnology，Shanghai 200093，China）

Abstract：With the improvement of peoples livingmaterial level，the product life cycle hasbeen greatly shortened，resulting in many environmental and resourceproblems.Based on these problems，this paper constructs a closed-loop supplychain composed of manufacturers，retailers and consumers.In view of thedifference between new products and remanufactured productsproduced by manufacturers，the optimal pricing strategy and revenue status ofsupply chainmembers under decentralized and centralized decisions are solved and compared byusingoptimization theory and game theory respectively in the case of no governmentsubsidies andgovernment subsidies to manufacturers.Finally，the optimal model and the optimalpricingstrategy of the two products are obtained，and then the relevant properties areverified through the analysis of an example.The results show that：in thecentralized decision-making model，when the government subsidizes the manufacturers，the demand for remanufacturedproductsincreases，the demand for new products decreases，and the overall profit of thesupply chain increases;in the decentralized decision-making mode，when the degree of productdifferentiation is small，the demand for new products and remanufactured products decreases，andthe profit of manufacturers，retailers and the whole supply chain is improved;when the product differentiation is too large，the profit of manufacturers isless than that without government subsidy，and theprofit of the whole supply chain and retailers with government subsidy is greaterthan thatwithout government subsidy.

Key words：logistics management;product differentiation;

closed-loop supply chain;governmentsubsidies;remanufacturing;game theory

0 引言

近些年来，我国在发展科技的同时很容易忽视我们赖以生存的环境，因此人们应该重视保护环境和节约资源。闭环供应链增加了传统的正向供应链所不具有的对废旧产品进行回收和再制造的环节，这样既能减少资源浪费使资源得到更加充分的利用，还可以减少生产对环境造成的破坏和污染，从而提高了供应链的经济效益。……