杨亚科 程志伟 吕玉新

【摘  要】随着我国《排污许可管理条例》的正式实施，企业自行监测已经纳入常态化管理。从已经发布的26个有关自行监测的国家环境保护标准来看，还没有对企业如何开展土壤环境自行监测进行规范，自行监测点位布设和监测项目存在问题。作为生态环境管理部门，各地市生态环境局每年印发的土壤环境监测的重点监控企业，只是罗列出名单，并未对监测点位、监测项目提出要求。论文以重点监控企业土壤环境自行监测为例，分析了土壤环境自行监测应考虑的因素，既包括土壤，还包括地下水，并建议尽快出台河南省通用的《重点监控企业土壤环境自行监测技术指南》。

【Abstract】With the formal implementation of China's "Regulations on the Administration of Pollutant Discharge Permits"， the self-monitoring of enterprises has been incorporated into the normal management. From the 26 national environmental protection standards that have been issued regarding self-monitoring， there is no regulation on how enterprises can carry out self-monitoring of the soil environment， and there are problems existing in the layout of self-monitoring points and monitoring items. As the department of ecological and environmental management， the ecology and environment bureau of each city prints and distributes the key monitoring enterprises of soil environmental monitoring every year， which only listed the list， and did not put forward requirements for monitoring points and monitoring items. Taking the self-monitoring of soil environment of key monitoring enterprises as an example， this paper analyzes the factors that should be considered in the self-monitoring of soil environment， including both soil and groundwater， and proposes to issue the general "Technical Guidelines for Self-Monitoring of Soil Environment of Key Monitoring Enterprises" in Henan Province as soon as possible.

【关键词】环境监测;土壤环境;自行监测;重点企业;技术指南

【Keywords】environmental monitoring; soil environment; self-monitoring; key enterprises; technical guidelines

【中图分类号】X833                                             【文献标志码】A                                                 【文章编号】1673-1069（2021）09-0119-03

1 引言

随着我国《排污许可管理条例》的颁布实施，排污单位自行监测纳入法治化、规范化、常态化轨道。对于废水、废气的监测，有组织的监测、无组织的监测，都容易理解和执行，但对于企业土壤环境的监测一直是个问题[1]。作为生态环境管理部门，地市级生态环境局在印发需要进行土壤环境监测的重点监控企业的文件中，只列出重点监控企业的名单，而对监测点位、监测项目、采样深度都不做出要求，这使重点监控企业和承担监测任务的检测机构对土壤环境的自行监测无所适从。怎么制定自行监测方案？怎么设置采样点位和采样深度？仁者见仁，智者见智，自行监测的开展情况不一。……