陈新平 蒯放

摘 要：中国竞技体育传统优势项目在近3届奥运会比赛中，出现成绩不同程度下滑的情况，基础体能测试被国家体育总局寄予提高运动员竞技能力的厚望，但部分知名运动员因基础体能测试不佳被淘汰，引发社会各界对基础体能测试科学性、权威性的热议。研究认为基础体能与部分竞赛成绩正相关，基础体能测试能够对高水平运动员进行选拔，引起热议的原因在于基础体能测试“一刀切”和实施操之过急，未来可尝试将基础体能测试细分为体能类、技能类项目，也可以改变评定规则，如采用达标制而非排名制，或者增加更科学的测试项目或删减作用不大的项目。

关 键 词：运动训练学;基础体能;专项体能;体能测试

中图分类号：G808 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-7116（2021）03-0139-06

Abstract： With the decline of Chinese traditional competitive advantage events in the recent three Olympics， the basic physical fitness test is expected by the National Sports Administration to improve the competitive ability of athletes. However， some famous athletes were eliminated due to poor basic physical fitness test， which caused the heat discussion from scientific and authoritative layer about the basic physical fitness test. This study holds that basic physical fitness test can be in positive relation to some competitive performance and be assessed and screened with high-level athletes， but the heat discussion about it can be ascribed to that the arbitrary manner and inpatient means to conduct this rule. So in the near future the basic physical fitness test can be attempted to further divided into different events namely physical fitness and skilled programs， as well as the changes of performing rules including applying the up-to-standard system instead of rank system， or more scientific test programs as well as elimination of small-effect programs and not enough important programs.

Key words： sports training;basic physical fitness;special physical fitness;physical fitness test

近3届的奥运会金牌及奖牌榜统计表明，我国奥运会的传统优势项目，如跳水、乒乓球、羽毛球、举重、体操、射击等成绩都有不同程度的下滑，如何提高我国高水平竞技运动员的竞技水平，重整昔日优势地位是摆在国家层面一道棘手的难题，同时受2020年暴发的新型冠状病毒疫情影响，各大训练基地封闭管理，体育赛事取消推迟，导致奥运会有冲金希望的运动员缺乏规律训练和高水平比赛，国家体育总局也难以系统掌握重点运动员的训练成效，进一步助推我国运动员基础体能测试相关政策的出台。2020年2月国家体育总局办公厅颁布的《关于进一步强化基础体能训……