李哲 杨光 王莹莹 白翠瑾 于晶

摘 要：采用马赛克方法基于儿童视角对幼儿园体育活动进行探讨。研究发现：体育内容、器材设施、体育体验是幼儿对幼儿园体育活动的主要关注点;参与主体缺失自主性与选择性、内容创设缺乏新颖性与趣味性、活动体系缺少系统性与层次性是当前幼儿园体育活动存在的主要问题。据此提出解决问题的策略：倾听童声，重视幼儿的视角想法;回归本质，彰显体育的教育意义;转变态度，建立良好的教师与幼儿关系;遵循规律，创设合宜的体育内容;克服障碍，减小物理的条件限制。

关 键 词：幼儿体育;幼儿园体育活动;儿童视角;马赛克方法

中图分类号：G807.1 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-7116（2021）03-0126-07

Abstract： The Mosaic approach is used to explore the kindergarten physical education activities from the childrens perspective. The study found that sports content， equipment and facilities， and movement experience are the main concerns of kindergarten physical education activities for children. The main problems existing in the current kindergarten physical education activities are that the lack of autonomy and selectivity of participants， the lack of novelty and interest of content creation， and the lack of systematic and hierarchical expressions of activity system. Then the study put forward the strategies to solve the problems above： listening to children's voice and paying attention to the perspective and ideas of children; returning to the essence to show the educational significance of sports; changing attitude to establish a good relationship between teachers and children; following the rule and creating appropriate sports content; and overcoming obstacles to reduce the physically conditional limitations.

Key words： children physical education;kindergarten sports activities;childrens perspective;the Mosaic approach

改革开放40年，我国的幼儿园数量、在园幼儿数及学前3年入园率呈大幅增长态势。据2018年全国教育事业统计数据显示：全国共有幼儿园约26.67万所，在校幼儿约4 656.42万人，幼儿教职工约453.15万人[1-2]。教育部长陈宝生在答记者问中表示：到2020年，我国学前教育毛入园率将达到85%[3]。《幼儿园工作规程》《幼儿园教育指导纲要》和《3～6岁儿童学习与发展指南》等纲领性文件对加强幼儿园科学管理、提高保育和教育质量均做出明确指示，突出强调“体”在幼儿园教育中的重要地位。诸多研究表明：幼儿阶段保持适宜强度与合宜时间的体育锻炼对幼儿强化基础动作、培育优良品质、提高认知水平以及促成社会行为等具有积极效应[4-6]。幼儿园体育活动被认为狭义的幼儿体育，是幼儿园教育任务的具体化实践[7]。……