李文鸿 吕思泓 田海军 王天翔 陆永亮

摘 要：乡村是保留武术传统、延续武术文化根脉的重要场域。乡村武术传承人的武术传承策略表现为突出的“情本位”特征：（1）立足乡土伦理，以乡情关照赢得乡村民众的支持;（2）以人情调适社会关系，以获得乡村武术发展的外部支持;（3）以武术情怀形成强大的武术文化传承的道德力量。与经济学中的“经济人”假设相对，乡村武术传承人的社会行动遵循“文化人”假设，创造以感情维系的延续乡村武术的“意义结构”，成为国家正式制度下武术发展的有力补充。乡村武术传承中充满城与乡、传统与现代、利与义的矛盾，传承人的社会行动既要符合传统，还需适应社会演变的形势。

关 键 词：民族传统体育;乡村武术;传承人;社会行动;“文化人”假设

中图分类号：G852 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-7116（2021）03-0043-06

Abstract： Countryside is an important field to preserve Wushu tradition and to continue Wushu culture bases. The inheritance strategy of rural Wushu inheritors shows the prominent characteristics of “emotion standard”： （1） based on the local ethics， winning the support of the rural people with the care of the rural people; （2） adjusting the social relations with human feelings to obtain the external support for the development of rural Wushu; （3） forming a strong moral force of Wushu culture inheritance with Wushu bearings. In contrast to the hypothesis of “economic man” in economy， the social action of rural Wushu inheritors follows the hypothesis of “cultural man”， creating a “meaning structure” which is maintained by feelings and continues rural Wushu， which has become a powerful supplement to the development of Wushu under the state's formal system. In the inheritance of rural Wushu may be full of contradictions between city and countryside， tradition and modernity， benefit and righteousness， and the social action of inheritors should not only conform to the tradition， but also adapt to the changing situation.

Key words： traditional national sports;rural Wushu;inheritors;social action;“cultural man” hypothesis

隨着“乡土社会自身的衰败和传统武术与乡土社会关联的被切断”[1]，传统武术日渐式微。乡村武术传承人对延续武术长远影响、体现武术传统性及门户弘道使命具有不可替代的作用。在社会巨变带来的困境中，一批出身乡间的传承人仍选择在乡村坚持武术传承的事业。武术转型背后是标准化、市场化等理性精神的支配，然而“情感和传统行为仍大量入侵社会日常生活和经济政治生活，导致社会非理性化现象的广泛存在”[2]，中国特殊的“人情社会”特征充分体现在乡村武术传承人的社会行动之中。本研究重点关注乡村武术传承人社会行动的内涵和意义，试图通过揭示乡村武术社会关系的维系策略，以危中见机的视角为社会转型中的武术发展提供参考。……