唐明欢 王晓晨 李乃琼

摘 要：依据概念史的理论与方法，以“狼兵”概念为逻辑起点，对“狼兵”与“狼兵武技”之间的相互建构进行考察，试图对以“狼兵武技”为主要拳种的古壮拳文化个性进行透视。研究认为：“俍兵”“郎首”“?人”等概念语义基本观念的转变背后折射出“狼兵”是他者建构的历史概念;“尚武”“忠主”“智谋”的狼兵身体文化是“狼兵”与“狼兵武技”之间构建的核心要素，彰显“狼”性的文化特质;“土兵”“耕兵”“土民”等新生概念揭示特定历史时期狼兵“狼”性文化形成的深层动因，同时印证了以“狼兵武技”为主要构件的古壮拳文化个性。

关 键 词：体育文化;概念史;狼兵武技;古壮拳;文化个性

中图分类号：G852 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-7116（2021）03-0038-05

Abstract： Based on the theory and methods of the concept history， taken the concept of “wolf soldiers” as logical point， this research investigates the mutual construction between "wolf soldiers" and "martial arts of wolf soldiers" and discovers cultural personality of the ancient boxing. The study holds that under the transformations of basic concepts for conceptual semantics such as "Lang warrior"， "Lang master" and "Long people"， reflect the history concept of the “wolf soldier” created by the others; physical culture of the “wolf soldier” including "admirable to army"， "loyal to the master"， and "wise and strategic" are the core elements constructed between the “wolf soldier” and “marital arts of wolf soldiers”， and reflects the cultural personality of the feature with “wolf”; the new emerging concepts of "native soldiers"， "tilling soldiers" and "native people" reveal the implicit reasons of the formation of the "wolf" culture of wolf soldiers in a specific historical period， and at the same time confirm the cultural personality of ancient boxing mainly composed with for the “martial arts of wolf soldiers”.

Key words： sports culture;concept history;martial arts of wolf soldiers;ancient boxing;cultural personality

壯拳，尤其是以昂拳为表征的古壮拳，以其延传于壮族土司，有着“身械通用合一、拳械练用一致;周身处处皆可用，拳势剽悍，发力蛮拙，翻滚叠击，本能应变;布阵设套，讲究技法与兵种配合，走中打，打中走;拥有拜师礼、谢师礼、上马礼、下马礼、回朝礼等仪式”[1]的技术体系特征，被誉为“狼兵武技”。拳谚有“技击创制于人而制人”，拳种视域下古壮拳作为一套攻防格斗技术体系，其创编使用的主体是“鸷悍天下称最”“可死而不可败”“能以少击众，十出而九胜”的“狼兵”，是事关狼兵生死存亡下的攻防技能以及战场实战优化和社会发展的必然结果。那么概念史“历史语义学”逻辑，何为“狼兵”，人何以为“狼”？“狼兵”之特性对其身体文化“狼兵武技”有何影响与建构？其狼性文化特质形成的深层社会动因是什么？……