碎米莎草种子休眠与萌发特性研究
2021-08-26李欣勇黄迎金雪刘国道
李欣勇 黄迎 金雪 刘国道



摘 要:本研究以碎米莎草种子为材料,探讨了温度、光照、植物生长调节剂、水分、低温层积及人工老化处理对其休眠与萌发特性的影响,以揭示其休眠机制、破除方法及萌发关键环境因子,以期在农业生产中为碎米莎草的综合防治提供参考。结果表明:(1)碎米莎草为萌发喜光性植物,最佳萌发温度为20 ℃/35 ℃或25 ℃/35 ℃;(2)碎米莎草存在浅度生理休眠,氟啶酮(FL)和褪黑素(MLT)均可破除其休眠,显著提高种子萌发率(P<0.05);(3)碎米莎草种子只在20% PEG重度水分胁迫后萌发率显著下降(P<0.05)并低于50%,所以水分不是限制其萌发的主要因素;(4)碎米莎草在老化168 h后发芽率才低于50%,表明碎米莎草种子有较强的抗老化能力;(5)碎米莎草具有休眠循环特性,低温可诱导其进入次生休眠。研究认为,播种前深耕、播种早播或越年生作物品种是田间防控碎米莎草的有效方法。
关键词:碎米莎草;种子萌发;休眠;温度;植物生长调节剂;种子老化
中图分类号:S451 文献标识码:A
Seed Dormancy and Germination Characteristics of Cyperus iria
LI Xinyong1, HUANG Ying1, JIN Xue2, LIU Guodao1*
1. Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan 571737, China; 2. College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
Abstract: In the study, the effects of temperature, light, pant growth regulators, drought, cold stratification and aging time treatment on the seed germination of Cyperus iria were investigated. Light significantly affected C. iria seed germination, and the optimum germination temperature was 20 ℃/35 ℃ or 25 ℃/35 ℃. C. iria exhibited non-deep physiological dormancy. Exogenous fluridone (FL) and melatonin (MLT) significantly improved seed germination (P<0.05). The seed germination percentage of C. iria significantly declined under 20% PEG concentration (P<0.05). The moisture was not a main factor which limited seed germination of C. iria. C. iria seeds had a good aging resistance as its germination percentage less than 50% after artificial aging for 168 h. C. iria seeds exhibited dormancy cycle, low temperature could induce secondary dormancy. The research showed that ploughing deeply before sowing, sowing early or over-year living crop varieties were effective ways to prevent C. iria.
Keywords: Cyperus iria; seed germination; dormancy; temperature; plant growth regulator; seed aging
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2021.07.025
杂草是适应性极强的一类草本植物,农田杂草常与作物竞争光热、土壤养分与水分等资源,不仅会降低作物产量,而且会降低农產品品质和经济效益,是影响作物生长导致减产的重要因素之一。因此,为保证作物生长良好,就必须对杂草进行合理控制。种子休眠是杂草的重要特性之一,是杂草适应逆境和保护其延续的一种策略,不同植物种子的休眠机制、类型及休眠破除方法存在较大差异。譬如,柠条锦鸡儿(Caragana korshinskii)在黑暗条件下的萌发率和萌发速率均显著高于有光条件下的萌发率和萌发速率[1];甘草(Glycyrrhiza uralensis)在光照条件下的萌发率显著高于无光照条件,光照有利于解除休眠[2];颜红波[3]对22种多年生禾本科植物种子萌发特性的研究发现,变温条件下的萌发率显著高于恒温条件下种子的萌发率。
碎米莎草(Cyperus iria)属莎草科(Cyperac?eae)莎草属(Cyperus Linnaeus)一年生草本植物,其环境适应能力极强,在中国广泛分布,为水、旱田常见杂草之一,在长江流域及以南地区多与异型莎草(Cyperus difformis)混生[4]。……
