肖玉菲 马锦林 蔡娅 郝丙青 刘海龙 陈博雯 叶航

摘  要：以陆川油茶（Camellia vietnamensis）花粉为试验材料，检测不同湿度、不同贮藏温度和时间下的花粉活力，确定适宜的花粉贮藏方法;采用离体培养法，在单因素试验的基础上，设计正交试验，筛选适宜花粉萌发的培养条件。结果表明：短暂的泡水（时间≤3 h）对花粉活力的影响不大，长时间（时间>6 h）泡水或干燥嚴重影响陆川油茶的花粉活力。各贮藏温度下不同贮藏时间花粉活力差异显著，随着贮藏时间的延长，不同贮藏温度下新鲜花粉和干燥花粉活力均逐渐降低，在相同贮藏时间下，贮藏温度越低，花粉活力下降速率越慢。在室温和4 ℃贮藏温度下，干燥处理花粉能够适当延长花粉保存时间，采集新鲜花粉直接置于?80 ℃冰箱贮藏180 d花粉活力仍有69.64%，与其他处理相比，较利于陆川油茶花粉保存。陆川油茶花粉离体萌发最适条件为：蔗糖150 g/L，H3BO3 0.15 g/L，MgSO4 0.04 g/L，pH=6.4，温度25 ℃。研究结果可为今后陆川油茶花粉的收集、贮藏提供理论依据，也为有效解决花期不遇的问题，保障人工杂交育种工作的有效开展提供技术指导。

关键词：陆川油茶;花粉活力;花粉贮藏;离体萌发

中图分类号：S794.4      文献标识码：A

Pollen Storage and Germination Conditions in vitro of Camellia vietnamensis

XIAO Yufei， MA Jinlin， CAI Ya， HAO Bingqing， LIU Hailong， CHEN Bowen， YE Hang*

Guangxi Forestry Research Institute / Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Non-wood Forest Cultivation and Utilization， Nanning， Guangxi 530002， China

Abstract： In order to determine the suitable pollen storage method， the pollen viability of Camellia vietnamensis under different humidity， different storage temperature and time was detected. On the basis of single factor experiment， an orthogonal experiment was designed to select the suitable culture conditions for pollen germination by the in vitro culture method. Soaking in water for a short time （time ≤ 3 h） had little effect on pollen viability， while soaking and drying pollen for a long time （time > 6 h） affected the pollen viability of C. vietnamensis seriously. The pollen viability was significantly different at different storage time at different storage temperature. With the extension of storage time， the vitality of fresh pollen and dry pollen decreased gradually at different storage temperature. Lower the storage temperature would lead to slower decline rate of pollen viability was. At room temperature and 4 ℃ storage temperature， the drying treatment of pollen could prolong the preservation time of pollen to some extent. The pollen viability of fresh pollen collected and stored directly in the refrigerator at ?80 ℃ for 180 days was still 69.64%， which was more beneficial to the preservation of C. vietnamensis pollen compared with other treatments. The optimum conditions for in vitro pollen germination of C. vietnamensis were as follows： sucrose 150 g/L， H3BO3 0.15 g/L， MgSO4 0.04 g/L at pH 6.4 and 25 ℃. The results not only provide a theoretical basis for the collection and storage of C. vietnamensis in the future， but also provide technical guidance for effectively solving the problem of asynchronous flowering period and artificial cross breeding.

Keywords： Camellia vietnamensis; pollen viability; pollen storage; in vitro germination

DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2021.07.021

油茶是山茶属（Camellia）植物中种子含油率较高、具有一定栽培经济价值的树种的总称，原产和主栽于中国，与椰子、油棕、油橄榄并称为世界四大木本油料植物[1-2]，其主要产品茶油的不饱和脂肪酸含量高达90%，被誉为“东方橄榄油”“油中软黄金”和“长寿油”[3-4]，已成为联合国粮农组织重点推广的健康型食用油[5]。其副……