余梅 杜军华 张宝静 陈群

摘  要：真姬菇是一种优质珍稀食用菌，已实现工厂化栽培，营养和保健价值较高。以真姬菇1个菌株B5为材料，用原生质体单核化和单孢分离的方法分别分离原生质体单核体和孢子单核体，进行四极性交配型的遗传学分析，在此基础上，结合核迁移试验，对4种交配型的孢子单核体进行交配型的准确鉴定。通过原生质体单核化获得567个原生质体单核体，采用标准测交菌株法，确定测交菌株T1、T2的交配型为A1B1、A2B2;通过单孢分离获得94个孢子单核体，常规鉴定出T1、T2、T3和T4 4种交配型的数量分别为24、27、25和17，另外还鉴定出1个重组交配型T5（ArBr）;通过核迁移试验，准确鉴定出4种交配型分别为A1B1、A2B2、A1B2和A2B1;χ2检验同时证实真姬菇是四极性异宗结合担子菌。

关键词：真姬菇;交配型;核迁移;原生质体

中图分类号：S646      文献标识码：A

Genetic Determination of Mating Type in Hypsizygus marmoreus

YU Mei1， DU Junhua2*， ZHANG Baojing1， CHEN Qun3*

1. Life Science School， Anhui Agricultural University， Hefei， Anhui 230036， China; 2. Life Science School， Qinghai Normal University， Xining， Qinghai 810008， China; 3. School of Biology Food and Environment， Hefei University， Hefei， Anhui 230601， China

Abstract： Hypsizygus marmoreus is a large-scale high-quality raise edible fungus with rich nutrition and health care value. In this paper， many protoplast monokaryons and spore monokaryons were isolated by protoplast mononuclearization and single spore isolation using B5 of a strain of H. marmoreus. After genetic analysis of the mating type of tetrapolar bacteria， the four mating types of spore monokaryons were accurately identified by the nuclear migration assay. 567 protoplast monokaryons were obtained by protoplast mononuclearization， and the mating types of the test strains T1 and T2 were determined to be A1B1 and A2B2 by the standard test strain method. 94 spore monokaryons were obtained by single spore isolation. The number of the four mating types of T1， T2， T3 and T4 was routinely identified as 24， 27， 25 and 17， respectively. And a recombinant mating type T5 （ArBr） was also identified. Through the nuclear migration test， the four mating types were accurately identified as A1B1， A2B2， A1B2， and A2B1. It was confirmed that H. marmoreus was a quaternary heterozygous combination basidiomycete by the chi-square test.

Keywords： Hypsizygus marmoreus; mating type; nuclear migration; protoplast

DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2021.07.012

真姬菇（Hypsizygus marmoreus）近年来风靡日、韩等国家，具有广阔的市场，其年产量仅次于杏鲍菇和金针菇。真姬菇有丰富的营养和保健价值，值得深入开发。但我国对真姬菇的研究起步较晚，研究领域比较片面，尤其在分子遗传学方面研究甚少。已有研究报道真姬菇是一种四极性异宗结合食用菌，子实体可产生4种不同交配型孢子，其交配系统由两个非连锁A、B交配型位点控制[1]。只有交配位点均不同，即A≠B≠时才能配对杂交形成双核体，从而完成整个有性生活史。20世纪80年代，建立了四极性食用菌交配型常规鉴定程序，即通过三轮配对初步区分同一菌株的4种交配型[2]，但无法准确分析每个交配型具体的A、B位点构成，也无法区分亲本型和重组型，因此，无法进行交配型的深入研究[3]。……