梅燕

摘 要：汽车启动瞬间，整车电源电压波动剧烈。整车厂要求在这种电源波动情况下，整车电子产品需要有相应的保护措施，确保低压及电源振荡时工作性能仍然符合预期。传统的验证电子产品耐受电源电压干扰的性能需要实验资源支持，这给项目开发成本和时间带来负担。仿真验证产品电性能是传统设计验证方法的一个有力的补充。仿真验证的关键是要建立合乎规范和标准的启动电压激励模型。本文结合福特定义的汽车发动机冷、热启动时的电压波形，阐述了这类电压激励源模型的基本原理，建模和仿真方法。最后指出了电压激励源模型在验证电器模块电气性能的前瞻作用及其发展趋势。

关键词：冷启动 热启动 电压波动 电压激励模型 电压源迭加

Research on the Model of Starting Voltage Excitation Source of Automobile Engine

Mei Yan

Abstract：The vehicle power supply voltage fluctuates violently at the moment the vehicle starts. Vehicle manufacturers require that under such power fluctuations， vehicle electronic products need to have corresponding protection measures to ensure that the working performance of low voltage and power supply oscillations still meet expectations. The traditional verification of the performance of electronic products withstanding power supply voltage interference requires experimental resources to support， which brings burdens to project development costs and time. Simulation to verify the electrical performance of products is a powerful supplement to traditional design verification methods. The key to simulation verification is to establish a starting voltage excitation model that meets specifications and standards. Combining the voltage waveforms defined by Ford during cold and hot start of automobile engines， this paper expounds the basic principles， modeling and simulation methods of this type of voltage excitation source model. Finally， the forward-looking role and development trend of the voltage excitation source model in verifying the electrical performance of electrical modules are pointed out.

Key words：cold start， hot start， voltage fluctuation， voltage excitation model， voltage source superposition

1 引言

汽車启动瞬间，整车电源电压波动剧烈。在汽车起动时，蓄电池要带动发动机旋转。在电磁开关S1接通的瞬间，因发动机电枢没有旋转，没有建立起反电动势，相当于发动机短路，发动主回路总电阻仅为十多毫欧，起动电流很大，极端的情况瞬间起动电流达1000A。不考虑其它因素，根据欧姆定律，理论计算，起动主回路中蓄电池内阻电压降即达到8V，蓄电池输出电压仅有5V左右。在这样的电源环境下，整车电器难以正常工作。

所以整车厂要求在这种电源波动情况下，整车各个电器模块需要有相应的保护措施，确保低压及电源振荡时产品工作性能仍然符合预期。在整车电子产品开发阶段，电源电压干扰测试模拟发生这种工况时电源线上电压的波动来验证产品的开发性能。……