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论《全国名医验案类编》“以六气统时病”分类特色

2021-08-23张铎张玉萱安伟伟

中国中医药图书情报 2021年4期

张铎 张玉萱 安伟伟

摘要:本文通过分析、总结、归纳何廉臣对《全国名医验案类编 四时六淫病案》以六气为纲的疾病分类方法,总体分为风、寒、暑、湿、燥、火六门,各门细分下又包括六气本证,六气本证与疾病核心信息组合,六气兼证、夹证、变证,特定病名等数种情况,执简驭繁,细致入微,使学者在学习与实践中能够从中医理论高度分析复杂的临床问题,对学术研究和临床工作具有指导意义。

关键词:何廉臣;绍派伤寒;《全国名医验案类编》;六气;时病

中图分类号:R249    文献标识码:A    文章编号:2095-5707(2021)04-0050-03

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-5707.2021.04.011        开放科学(资源服务)标识码(OSID):

Discussion on Classification Characteristics of “Six Qi Controlling Seasonal Disease” in Quan Guo Ming Yi Yan An Lei Bian

ZHANG Duo1, ZHANG Yu-xuan1, AN Wei-wei2*

(1. Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; 2. The Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300250, China)

Abstract: This article analyzed, summarized, and concluded He Lianchens method of classification of diseases based on six qi as the keystone in the book of Quan Guo Ming Yi Yan An Lei Bian - Si Shi Liu Yin Bing An. Diseases are divided into six categories: wind, cold, heat, dampness, dryness, and fire. The subdivisions of each category include the six-qi-based syndrome, the combination of six-qi-based syndrome and the core information of the disease, the six-qi combined syndrome, the mixed syndrome, the changeable syndrome, and specific disease name. The book is with simplicity and complexity, as well as meticulous, which enables scholars to analyze complex clinical problems from a high degree of TCM theory in their study and practice, and has guidance significance for academic research and clinical work.

Key words: He Lianchen; typhoid fever of Shao School; Quan Guo Ming Yi Yan An Lei Bian; six qi; seasonal disease

基金項目:国家自然科学基金青年科学基金(81303090)

第一作者:张铎,E-mail: 308851027@qq.com

*通讯作者:安伟伟,E-mail: icutcm@163.com

《全国名医验案类编》(以下简称《类编》)是清末民初绍派伤寒大家何廉臣搜集当时90位医家共计300余则医案,分门别类编纂而成,分为上、下两集共14卷,初集为四时六淫病案,二集为瘟疫、喉痧等八大传染病案[1]。其中四时六淫病属于季节性流行病、多发病,又称“时病”,属于中医外感病体系中分布最广、变化最多、牵涉最杂的一类疾病。如何廉臣在《类编 例言》中说“一岁之中,时病多而杂病少”,而四时六淫病“本证、兼证、夹证、变证,分际清晰,详悉无遗者,尚少专书”,故“首选六淫病案为初集”[2]。本书对于时病医案采用“以六气统时病”的分类方式进行整理分析,对于当今深入认识中医时病理论体系具有一定的实践和启迪价值。

1  疾病分类规律

1.1  六气本证

《类编 四时六淫病案》以风、寒、暑、湿……

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