破壁灵芝孢子粉对大鼠睡眠功能改善效果及机制的研究
2021-08-23袁群胡海林毛欣王能曹淼何清湖
袁群 胡海林 毛欣 王能 曹淼 何清湖



〔摘要〕 目的 观察破壁灵芝孢子粉对正常大鼠睡眠功能的影响,初步探讨其作用机制。方法 将雄性SD大鼠随机分成正常对照组、阳性对照组、破壁灵芝孢子粉低、中、高剂量组(0.42、0.84、1.68 g/kg),每组9只,灌胃剂量为10 mL/(kg·d-1),连续灌胃14 d。末次灌胃后分别进行直接睡眠实验、戊巴比妥钠阈下剂量催眠实验、阈上剂量睡眠潜伏期及睡眠时间实验,并测定大鼠血浆5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT)、多巴胺(dopamine, DA),及下丘脑中5-HT、谷氨酸(glutamic acid, Glu)、γ-氨基丁酸(Gamma-aminobutyric acid, GABA)的含量。结果 破壁灵芝孢子粉能明显缩短大鼠睡眠潜伏期,提高大鼠睡眠率(P<0.05),对睡眠总时长的影响虽无统计学差异,但有延长睡眠时间的趋势。中、高剂量的破壁灵芝孢子粉能够提高大鼠下丘脑5-HT、GABA含量(P<0.05,P<0.01),同时也能提高血浆中5-HT水平、降低DA的含量(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论 破壁灵芝孢子粉具有睡眠改善作用,其作用机制与调节大鼠脑内5-HT和Glu/GABA平衡,以及血中兴奋-抑制中枢神经系统的神经递质有关。
〔关键词〕 灵芝孢子粉;睡眠;5-羟色胺;多巴胺;γ-氨基丁酸
〔中图分类号〕R285.5 〔文献标志码〕A 〔文章编号〕doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-070X.2021.07.011
〔Abstract〕 Objective To observe the effects of broken wall ganoderma spores powder on sleep function in normal rats, and explore the mechanisms. Methods Male SD rats were randomly divided into five groups, normal group, positive group and low, medium and high dose (0.42, 0.84, 1.68 g/kg) broken wall ganoderma spores group, 9 rats in each group, 10 mL/(kg·d) in intragastric administration for 14 days. After the last intragastric administration, direct sleep test, pentobarbital sodium subthreshold dose hypnotism test, supra threshold dose sleep latency test and sleep time test were conducted, and plasma 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), dopamine (DA) and the content of 5-HT, glutamic acid (Glu) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the hypothalamus were measured. Results Broken wall ganoderma spore powder could significantly shorten sleep latency and increase sleep rate (P<0.05). There was no statistical difference in sleep time, but there was a tendency to prolong sleep time. Medium and
high doses of broken wall ganoderma spore powder could increase the content of 5-HT and GABA in hypothalamus and decrease the content of Glu (P<0.05, P<0.001), at the same time, the concentration of 5-HT in plasma was increased while the DA were decreased (P<0.05, P<0.001). Conclusion Broken wall ganoderma spores powder can improve sleep, the mechanism of which is related to the regulation of 5-HT and Glu/GABA balance in rat brain, and the neurotransmitter of excitation-inhibition of central nervous system in blood.
〔Keywords〕 broken wall ganoderma spores powder; sleep; 5-hydroxytryptamine; dopamine; gamma-aminobutyric acid
靈芝,属于担子菌门担子菌纲多孔菌科灵芝属药用真菌[1],是一味珍贵的中药药材,具有益气安神、扶正固本之功效[2]。成熟灵芝形成担子孢子,为繁殖细胞,收集后即为灵芝孢子粉,其含有灵芝子实体几乎所有的活性物质和功效作用[3]。大量的研究表明灵芝孢子粉能有效调节免疫力[4-5],在抗肿瘤、防辐射过程中发挥着重要作用[6],同时兼具有降血脂、护肝[7]及促眠[8]等功能。破壁灵芝孢子粉是一种灵芝深加工产品,有研究表明灵芝孢子粉在破壁后多糖与总三萜含量均高于未破壁孢子粉[9],且更容易被人体吸收[10]。目前对于灵芝孢子粉改善睡眠的研究多集中在临床疗效的观察,而对于其改善睡眠的机制研究还鲜有报道。本研究通过观察不同剂量破壁灵芝孢子粉对戊巴比妥钠所致大鼠催眠作用及血浆、脑内神经递质含量的变化,初步探讨其作用机制,为进一步研究灵芝孢子粉改善睡眠的作用提供实验依据。……
