刘润萍 王兴政 杨薇靖 刘学周

摘要：以當归品种岷归1号指示品种，采用1 700、2 210、2 580 m三个海拔梯度进行当归秋季直播，同时以海拔2 210 m的移栽当归为对照， 研究了不同海拔对秋直播当归生长动态及产量、品质的影响。结果表明，秋直播当归从9月份开始芦头茎粗、单根干重表现为随海拔升高而减小，且在整个生长期间都小于对照移栽当归。1 700、2 210、2 580 m海拔下的秋直播当归抽薹率均为0，1700 m海拔下秋直播当归产量比对照移栽当归增产4.99%，    2 210、2 580 m海拔下秋直播当归分别比对照移栽当归减产2.69%、29.75%。1 700 m海拔下秋直播当归以二、三、四等品为主，占总量的86.67%，2 210、2 580 m海拔下秋直播当归以三、四等品为主，分别占总量的93.33%、100.00%。秋直播当归醇溶性浸出物、挥发油和阿魏酸含量随海拔的升高而升高，2 210、2 580 m海拔下秋直播当归的阿魏酸含量分别比对照移栽当归显著提高13.0%、5.8%。当归秋直播技术可在海拔1 700～2 210 m区域推广，以海拔1 700 m的秋直播当归根长、芦头茎粗、单根干重、产量、商品等级等指标表现最佳。

关键词：当归;种子直播;海拔;生长动态;品质

中图分类号：S567.23      文献标志码：A      文章编号：1001-1463（2021）07-0050-06

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1001-1463.2021.07.010

Abstract：In order to study the impact of different altitudes on the dynamic growth， output and quality of direct-seeding Angelica sinensis in Autumn. Three altitude gradients， 1 700 m， 2 210 m and 2 580 m were adopted by using the indicator cultivar Mingui 1 for the direct-seeding of Angelica sinensis in autumn， and transplanted Angelica sinensis at the altitude of 2 210 m was taken as the control group. The results showed that since September， the stem diameter and dry weight of a single root of the direct-seeding Angelica sinensis in autumn decreased with the rise of altitude， and it was smaller than transplanted Angelica sinensis throughout the whole growth period. At 1 700 m， 2210 m and 2 580 m， the moss pumping rate of autumn direct sowing angelica was 0， and the yield of direct sowing Angelica sinensis at 1 700 m in autumn was 4.99% higher than that of the control， and the yield of direct sowing Angelica sinensis at 2 210 m and 2 580 m in autumn was 2.69% and 29.75% lower than that of transplanting Angelica sinensis， respectively. Second， third and fourth grade of products at a low altitude were dominant， accounting for 86.67% of total products. Third and fourth grade of products at a middle and high altitude were dominant， accounting for 93.33% and 100% of total products， respectively. Ethanol-soluble extractives， volatile oil and content of ferulic acid increased with the increased with the rise of altitude. The content of ferulic acid at middle and high altitude increased by 13.0% and 5.8% respectively compared with transplanted Angelica sinensis. The direct-seeding technology of Angelica sinensis in autumn can be promoted in regions ranging between 1 700 m and 2 210 m altitude. direct-seeding Angelica sinensis in autumn at the altitude of 1 700 m has the best performance， including the root length， stem diameter， dry weight of single root， yield and product grade， etc.

Key words：Angelica sinensis;Direct-seeding;Altitude;Dynamic growth;Quality

当归为伞形科植物当归[Angelica sinensis（Oliv. ）Diels]的干燥根，具有补血活血，调经止痛，润肠通便等功效[1 - 2 ]，喜冷凉阴湿环境，属低温长日照类型，在甘肃省主要分布在岷县、渭源、漳县等地[3 - 7 ]。当归是一种需要高海拔育苗，1 700 m海拔移栽的药材，在甘肃省，近年由于气候逐渐变暖，当归适宜种植区逐渐向西南部及高海拔区转移，原来的产区对种植当归的生态适宜性有所下降，使当归栽培中存在的提早抽薹难以控制，当归产量、品质不稳等问题进一步加剧[8 - 9 ]。……