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环县绿豆无公害栽培技术

2021-08-23贾霞王珍潘岩陶彩虹

甘肃农业科技 2021年7期
关键词:栽培技术

贾霞 王珍 潘岩 陶彩虹

摘要:绿豆是环县特色小杂粮之一,通过介绍环县绿豆无公害栽培技术,包括品种选择、选地整地、施肥、病虫害防治、收获、建立生产档案等内容,以期为绿豆生产提供参考。

关键词:绿豆;栽培技术;无公害;环县

中图分类号:S522       文献标志码:B        文章编号:1001-1463(2021)07-0088-03

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-1463.2021.07.019

Abstract:In this paper, with a new quinoa cultivar Longli 4 as the control, the performance of six new quinoa strains introduced in Haiyuan dry farming area of Ningxia was analyzed. The results showed that the six introduced quinoa new lines and the control cultivar Longli 4 could mature normally, the growth period was 110~116 days. There were differences in plant height, panicle shape, grain color, 1000-grain weight, stem folding degree and other traits between Longcheno4 and 6 new strains of quinoa. The yield of new quinoa cultivars(lines) were        3 245.78~7 872.89 kg/hm2, among which CA4-1 had the highest yield of 7 872.89 kg/hm2, 9.4% higher than the control cultivar Longli 4,  the yield increase was extremely significant. CA3-1 has the highest 1000-grain weight (3.64 g) and higher yield potential. According to the breeding objectives and production requirements of Haiyuan dryland area, CA3-1 and control cultivar Longli 4 were considered to have excellent comprehensive traits and good breeding, production and application prospects.

Key words:Chenopodium quinoa;New cultivars(lines);Haiyuan;Dryland areas;Ecological adaptability

環县地处甘肃省东段、庆阳市西北部,全县地势西北高、东南低,海拔1 130~    2 089 m[1 ],气温日差大,光照时间长,土壤养分丰富,病虫害发生轻,适宜发展小杂粮生产[2 - 3 ],2005年,环县被中国特色之乡暨宣传组织委员会命名为“中国小杂粮之乡”。绿豆含有人体多种必需的氨基酸和丰富的蛋白质,有清热解毒、抗菌抑菌、降血脂、保肝肾等功效,其营养价值很高,深受广大消费者喜爱。随着生活水平的提高,人们对无公害农产品绿豆的需求量逐渐增加,对其质量要求也随之提升,农民群众种植积极性较高。环县不论南北,均适宜绿豆生产。

1   品种选择

选择荚多而集中、千粒重高、增产潜力大、生育期适中的高产、抗病、商品性好的品种,以当年新种最好,要求种子饱满、色泽鲜艳、均匀一致。推荐选用冀绿7号、冀绿9号、科绿2号、陇绿1号、晋绿2号等品种。要求种子纯度≥97%,净度≥98%,发芽率≥90%,水分≤120 g/kg。

2   种子处理

2.1   晒种

播前将种子摊于通风荫凉干燥处晒1~2 d。避免暴晒,晒时要经常翻动,以提升种子活力和发芽势。切忌在水泥地面或金属容器内晒种,以免高温灼伤种子。

2.2   选种

人工拣除秕种、残种、坏种、硬粒种等。

2.3   拌种

播前用50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂以种子量的0.5%~1.0%拌种,预防白粉病、锈病发生。……

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