高台县饲粮兼用型玉米氮磷钾适宜施量研究
2021-08-23向茂红车月英包国举
向茂红 车月英 包国举



摘要:在不同肥力条件下,进行了玉米施肥“3414”试验,采用Excel软件回归分析,依据《测土配方施肥技术规范》,以玉米相对产量50%以下、50%~70%、70%~90%、90%以上为标准,土壤丰缺养分级别分为高、中、低、极低4个级别,建立了试验区土壤丰缺指标体系,提出了高台县饲粮兼用玉米高、中、低肥力N、P、K配合使用及经济最佳施肥量。
关键词:高台县;测土施肥; 饲粮兼用玉米;养分丰缺指标; 施肥量;最佳施肥量
中图分类号:S513;S147.2 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1001-1463(2021)07-0004-06
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-1463.2021.07.002
Abstract:The effects of different planting methods of Lycium barbarum on its seedling and soil salinity were studied in Qaidam Basin. The results showed that it is all increased leaf area of Lycium barbarum which mulching with plastic film and straw at 30 cm underground, mulching with plastic film at 30 cm underground, mulching with straw at 30 cm underground, planting in furrows and planting on ridges, but had little effect on soil pH. Among them, the soil electrical conductivity of planting in furrows and planting on ridges was low, which greatly reduces the effect of salt on the plant, and can improve the survival rate of Lycium barbarum seedlings and the ability of leaf to absorb water. In conclusion, planting in furrows and ridges are the suitable planting methods of Lycium barbarum in saline-alkali land.
Key words:Saline-alkali land;Planting method;Lycium barbarum;Survival rate;Qaidam Basin
高臺县是全国商品粮基地县之一,2019年全县农作物播种面积3.65万hm2,其中粮食作物播种1.86 万hm2,全年粮食产量12 740.6万kg,平均6 840 kg/hm2。近年来,高台县积极发展饲粮兼用型玉米,推行玉米整株青贮,发展草畜产业,不仅农业结构调整成效显著,同时也让农民实现了增产增收。我们针对高台县不同区域土壤状况、地貌类型等,在不同区域分高、中、低肥力条件开展了饲粮兼用玉米“3414”试验,提出了高台县不同肥力条件土壤丰缺指标体系,制定了土壤养分丰缺指标下施肥量。
1 试验区概况
高台县位于河西走廊中部,黑河中游下段。南抵祁连,北依合黎,黑河纵贯东西。辖9镇,136个行政村,总人口15.83万人。全县总面积459.7 km2,耕地面积3.96万hm2。全境海拔为1 260~3 140 m,大陆沙漠干旱型气候,全年无霜期150 d左右,多年平均降水量103 mm,蒸发量2 000 mm左右,年日照时数3 088 h,热量丰富,昼夜温差大。
2 材料与方法
2.1 供试作物
指示作物为玉米品种正德305。
2.2 供试肥料
供试肥料为尿素(新疆心连心能源化工生产,含N 46%),普通过磷酸钙(云南玉溪星海肥业生产,含P2O5 12%),硫酸钾(青海格尔木钾肥厂生产,含K2O 50%)。……
