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广西荔枝龙眼品种发展历程与展望

2021-08-20朱建华李鸿莉秦献泉徐宁李冬波彭宏祥邱宏业侯延杰张树伟房晨

广西农学报 2021年5期

朱建华 李鸿莉 秦献泉 徐宁 李冬波 彭宏祥 邱宏业 侯延杰 张树伟 房晨

摘要:广西荔枝品种历经5个不同发展阶段,广西龙眼品种历经3个不同发展阶段,各个发展阶段的生产情况、特性不同。当前广西荔枝、龙眼产业进入了品种结构调整的新阶段,新品种选育取得较大进展,但存在着前期发展速度过快,品种规划不完善,品种结构不合理,产期集中、经济效益低;新品种选育进展缓慢,育种周期长、效率低等主要问题。应加强育种技术攻关,大力开展杂交育种,选育出更多新品种为生产服务;同时搞好品种规划布局,提高优质品种种植比例,发挥不同产区的气候优势,延长荔枝、龙眼鲜果上市时间,提高生产经营效益。

关键词:荔枝:龙眼:品种:历程

中图分类号:s667.1:s667.2文献标识号:A文章编号:1003-4374(2021)05-0080-04

Deve1opment Course an4 crospeft oI Litfhi an4 Longan Cu1tivars in Guangxi

Zhu Jian-hua,Li Hong-li,Oin xian-quan,xu Ning,Li Dong-bo,     Peng Hong-xiang,Oiu Hong-ye,Hou Yan-jie,Zhang shu-wei,Fang Chen

(Institute of Horticulture,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural sciences,Nanning,Guangxi 530007,China)

Abstraft: Guangxi litchi cultivars have gone through five different development stages,and longan cultivars  have  gone  through  three  different  development  stages, the  production  conditions  and characteristics are different at each stage of development. At present,litchi and longan industry in Guangxi has entered a new stage of variety structure adjustment,and great progress has been made in breeding new cultivars. However,there are still some problems,such as rapid development in the early stage,imperfect variety planning,unreasonable variety structure,concentrated production period and low  economic  benefits.  The  main  problems  of breeding  new  cultivars  include  slow  progress, long breeding cycle and low efficiency. Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen breeding technology and carry out cross breeding to select and breed more new cultivars for production. At the same time,the planning and layout of cultivars should be improved,the planting proportion of high -quality cultivars should be increased,the climatic advantages of different production areas should be brought into play,the time for fresh litchi and longan fruit to be listed should be prolonged,and the production and management benefits should be improved.

Keywor4s: litchi,longan,cultivars,development course

荔枝、龍眼为南亚热带名优水果,是广西重要的经济作物,在水果产业中占有重要地位。广西荔枝、龙眼栽培历史悠久,但产业发展主要是在广西壮族自治区成立之后。60多年来广西荔枝、龙眼生产取得长足发展,栽培品种经历了不同的发展阶段。当前广西荔枝、龙眼产业进人了品种结构调整的新阶段,新品种选育取得较大进展,深人分析广西荔枝、龙眼品种发展历程,找出存在问题,对于进一步促进产业升级具有重要意义。

1广西荔枝品种发展历程

1.1外地引进的老品种和本地品种缓慢发展阶段(1958年至20世纪80年代)

广西壮族自治区成立至2985年为荔枝零星缓慢发展阶段,以农民房前屋后零星栽培为主,也有一些国营农场、生产队建立小规模荔枝园。……

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