煤矿巷道掘进顶板支护探讨
2021-08-18陈昊
陈昊


【摘 要】近年来,中国的煤炭工业发展迅速。但煤矿生产过程中的顶板事故频繁仍然是整个行业发展中较为突出的问题。因此,必须加强对煤矿顶板支护技术的开发和优化。只有不断地分析探索总结经验,改进提升掘进施工技术,加强顶板支护管理才能有效防止顶板事故的发生。论文对地下煤矿巷道顶板支护形式进行详细的分析,阐述了可能会造成顶层支护问题的不利因素及技术难点,并提出了有待改进的巷道顶板技术管理措施。
【Abstract】In recent years, China's coal industry has developed rapidly. But the frequent roof accidents in the process of coal mine production is still a more prominent problem in the development of the whole industry. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the development and optimization of coal mine roof support technology. Only by continuously analyzing, exploring and summing up experience, improving tunneling construction technology and strengthening roof support management can the occurrence of roof accidents be effectively prevented. This paper makes a detailed analysis of the roof support forms of underground coal mine roadway, expounds the disadvantageous factors and technical difficulties that may cause the problem of roof support, and puts forward the technical management measures of roadway roof that need to be improved.
【關键词】煤矿;巷道掘进;顶板支护
【Keywords】coal mine; roadway excavation; roof support
【中图分类号】TD263 【文献标志码】A 【文章编号】1673-1069(2021)08-0191-02
1 井下掘进工作面基本顶板支护技术
锚杆支护技术在我国使用最广泛,在改善煤矿巷道布局和增加煤矿产量方面具有明显的作用和功能。分为塑料锚杆和金属锚杆,其中木锚杆由于支护强度相对较低目前已基本不再使用。成套金属锚杆由螺栓主体,托盘,锚固剂,钢带和网状螺组成。对岩石施加的作用力能提升巷道周边岩体的整体强度,对抗因采矿中影响对巷道产生的拉力,避免周围的岩石出现裂缝,或影响整体的稳定性。对抵抗巷道应力变化和防止变形发挥了积极的作用。如下图1为锚杆支护的煤矿巷道示意图。
锚杆的作用原理来自组合拱原理,该原理认为,当将预应力锚杆插入拱形道路围岩的断裂区域时,当锚固时会出现压力应力的圆锥形分布。施工在巷道周围的锚杆空间足够小,那么每个杆体间的压应力将互锁,从而使道路周围的岩层形成一个连续的结合区(弧)。……
