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大数据时代高校精准资助路径探索

2021-08-17景璐璐陈天宇顾炜江潘卿

软件 2021年3期

景璐璐 陈天宇 顾炜江 潘卿

摘 要:大数据时代,教育数据治理面临更为复杂的困境,精准资助是国家教育扶贫的核心任务之一,鉴于目前高校难以有效进行贫困生精准识别,文章提出一种基于大数据技术的高校精准资助模型。通过梳理学生在校的全量数据,设计提取学生基本信息、消费数据等共计23类数据对学生的经济情况进行建模评估,通过数据采集、数据处理、数据集中展现,精准识别贫困生与非贫困生。该模型优化引用机器学习算法对模型进行训练,结合学工大数据对结果进行评价,能及时发现“隐性贫困”,得到一个有效的贫困生识别方法。

关键词:教育数据治理;精准资助模型;机器学习算法

中图分类号:G717 文献标识码:A DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-6970.2021.03.025

本文著录格式:景璐璐,陈天宇,顾炜江,等.大数据时代高校精准资助路径探索[J].软件,2021,42(03):090-093

Exploration of Precise Subsidy Paths for Colleges and Universities in the Era of Big Data

JING Lulu1, CHEN Tianyu2, GU Weijiang1, PAN Qing1

(1.Office of Cyberspace Affairs, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing  Jiangsu   210037;

2.China Mobile (Suzhou) Software Technology Co., Ltd., Suzhou  Jiangsu  215000)

【Abstract】:In the era of big data, education data governance is faced with more complex difficulties, and precise subsidy is the core task of education poverty alleviation. In view of the difficulty of accurate identification of poor students in colleges and universities, this paper proposes a precise subsidy model of colleges and universities based on big data technology. By combing the total data of students in school, we design and extract a total of 23 types of data, such as students' basic information and consumption data, to model and evaluate the economic situation of students, and accurately identify poor students and non-poor students through data collection, data processing and data centralized display. The model uses machine learning algorithm to train the model optimally, and evaluates the results with the big data of Nanjing Forestry University. It can find out the "hidden poverty" in time and get an effective method to identify the poor students.

【Key words】:education data governance;precision funding model;machine learning algorithm

隨着高等教育规模迅速扩大,高校大学生数量逐年攀高,相应贫困生人数也呈现了逐年上升态势。《2019年中国学生资助发展报告》[1]显示,政府、高校及社会共资助全国普通高校贫困生人数达4817.59万人次,资助金额1316.89亿元,比上年增加166.59亿元,增幅达14.48%。贫困学生的增多大大增加了贫困生资助部门的工作难度和工作量。贫困生认定是一个相当复杂的过程,必须要综合考虑各方面因素,目前贫困生的认定方法大多是定性的,要做到公平公正必需要对贫困生认定做定量的解释,建立精准资助机制[2]。精准资助是国家教育扶贫的核心任务之一,只有抓好学生精准资助,才能推动教育精准扶贫[3]。……

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