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梨树苗期常见病害及治理措施

2021-08-16赵龙龙

山西果树 2021年4期

摘 要:限于有限土地资源,在梨树育苗或建园过程中难免连作或重茬种植,另加上梨树规模化、区域化发展及近年来不利天气事件的增多,由此引发的梨树苗期病害屡见不鲜。因梨树苗期病害发生隐蔽、潜伏期长、在生产中,多疏于管理或不预防,导致苗圃幼苗、新建园幼树死亡或果树生产周期短等问题频发。鉴于此,结合生产实践对梨树苗期常见病害予以总结并提出了相应治理措施。

关键词:梨树;苗期;病害;土传病害

文章编号:2096-8108(2021)04-0061-03  中圖分类号:S661.2  文献标识码:A

Synthesis of Pear Seedling Stages Common Diseases and Management

ZHAO Longlong

(Pomology Institute,Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031,China)

Abstract:Limited to land resources, continuous cropping or replanting of pear trees was inevitable in the process of seedling cultivation or gardening. In addition, the large-scale, regional development of pear industry and the increase of adverse weather events in recent years have caused common pear seedling diseasesprevaild. Due to the hidden, long incubatioperiod of pear seedlings diseases,neglect of management or non-prevention in production management, the death of seedlings in nurseries, young trees in new orchards, and short production cycle of fruit trees were commonin the pear production. In view of this, this paper combines production practices synithesis the common diseases in pear seedling stage and summarized the management measures.

Keywords:pear tree; seedling stage; disease; soil-borne disease

梨是我国的重要果树树种,其栽培历史悠久,发展迅速。近年来,随梨树种植的整体布局和规划,其栽培面积和产量均居世界首位[1],在我国经济、民生和生态建设中发挥了重要作用[2]。随梨产业发展,在新建果园和旧园改造过程中对梨树幼苗的需求也渐增,但由于长期以来,在育苗过程中缺失相应规范;另多为重茬栽植,由此引发的梨树苗期和幼树病害屡见不鲜,轻者缺苗断垄,重者毁园,另加上梨树苗期病害多以土传性为主[3],发生隐蔽,潜伏期长,常疏于防治,明显影响到梨树生产。鉴于此,本文结结合相关研究及生产经验,对梨树苗期病害进行了总结并提出了相应防治措施。

1 根瘤病

梨树根瘤病又称梨根癌病,属细菌性病害,由致瘤农杆菌所致,病原细菌在病瘤表皮及土壤中存活越冬,连作育苗或有根瘤发病史的梨苗圃易染病,也与砧木抗性相关。梨树根瘤病潜伏期约几个月或1年不等,2年生树苗便可见发生,主要位于侧根处,初始为黄色、后期变褐并逐渐木质化。……

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