阿克苏红富士苹果根系生长规律及土肥水管理
2021-08-16朱红祥胡安鸿
朱红祥 胡安鸿
摘 要:世界林果业的发展已进入土壤微生物阶段,我国林果业处于高产阶段向土壤微生物阶段的转型期。生产中农民十分重视苹果树上的管理,如修剪、有害生物防治等,常常忽视土肥水的管理,使得苹果园的土壤有机质达不到2%~3%。为此,增加土壤有益微生物群菌和减少化肥使用等技术培肥地力,可提高阿克苏红富士苹果质量,增加果农经济收入,促进阿克苏苹果健康发展。
关键词:阿克苏红富士苹果;土肥水管理;品质
文章编号:2096-8108(2021)04-0036-03 中图分类号:S661.1 文献标识码:A
Root Growth Rule and Soil, Fertilizer and Water Management Technique of Aksu Red Fuji Apple
ZHU Hongxiang1, HU Anhong2
(1.Tianshan State Forest Protection Center of Aksu Region, Aksu 843000, China;
2.Forestry Technology Extension Center of Aksu Region, Aksu 843000,China)
Abstract:The development of forest and fruit industry in the world has entered the stage of soil microorganism, and Chinas forest and fruit industry is in the transition period from high yield stage to soil microorganism stage. Farmers attach great importance to the management of apple trees during production, such as pruning and pest control, but often ignore the management of soil, fertilizer and water, which makes the soil organic matter of apple orchards less than 2% ~ 3%. Therefore, increasing the beneficial microflora of soil and reducing the use of chemical fertilizer can improve the quality of Aksu Red Fuji apples, increase the economic income of fruit farmers, and promote the healthy development of Aksu apples.
Keywords:Aksu Red Fuji apple; soil, fertilizer and water management; quality
阿克苏地区地理位置为东经78°00′~84°30′,北纬39°30′~42°30′,是我国苹果栽培的重要黄金带,是苹果优势生产区之一。阿克苏地区属暖温带大陆性气候,年日照时数为2 800~3 300 h,昼夜温差大,使阿克苏苹果质量好。
世界林果业发展已进入土壤微生物阶段。据报道,日本和欧洲的苹果园处于微生物时代,土壤微生物群菌多,化肥使用量大大降低了。当前,我国处于高产林果业向微生物林果业的转型期,我国苹果种植主要问题是化肥、农药、除草剂。农民十分重视修剪等树上管理,忽视土肥水的地下管理,苹果园土壤有机质达不到2%~3%,苹果增产过度依赖化肥。由于阿克苏部分苹果园的农民的土肥水管理不重视,影响了苹果品质。笔者亲历十几年果园管理,谈谈抓好苹果园土肥水管理,提高阿克苏红富士品质。
1 苹果根系生长规律
1.1 苹果根系的分布
苹果根系在土壤中有垂直分布和水平分布,根系分布特性与砧木种类、土壤质地、地下水位和管理技术等直接相关,土壤质地和土层厚薄对苹果根系的分布影响最大。……
