李静江 杨复康 宋永宏 杨燕君 杨晓华 吕景丽

摘 要：本试验通过使用LAI-2200 冠层分析仪来测量相对截获光辐射比例来分析研究了开心形、延迟开心形、自由生长形等3种不同树形的透光率。本试验中采用的截获光辐射比例低于30%认为是无效（或低效）光区。通过比较分析：树冠投影面积由大到小的顺序为延迟开心形>开心形>自由生长形;内膛枝所占比例由高到低的顺序为自由生长形>延迟开心形>开心形;透光率由高到低的顺序为开心形>延迟开心形>自由生长形。为此，开心形树形内膛枝比例小、截获光辐射比例高，光能利用率高，对提高果实品质有非常重要的作用，但杏树树形改造在结合经济效益、利益最大化方面，推荐以延迟开心形为宜。本文的研究结果可为生产中低产园树形改造、新建园树形选择提供理论依据。

关键词：杏树;树形;冠层分析

文章编号：2096-8108（2021）04-0011-05  中图分类号：S662.2  文献标识码：A

Canopy Analysis of Apricot Trees with Different Tree Shapes

LI Jingjiang， YANG Fukang*， SONG Yonghong， YANG Yanjun， YANG Xiaohua， LV Jingli

（Pomology Institute， Shanxi Agricultural University， Taigu 030815， China）

Abstract：In this experiment， LAI-2200 canopy analyzer was used to measure the relative intercepted light radiation ratio to analyze and study the transmittance of main open form， delayed open form， free growth form. The ratio of intercepted light radiation used in this experiment less than 30% was considered to be ineffective （inefficient） light area. Through comparative analysis， the order of crown projection area from large to small was delayed open form， open form， and free growth form. The proportion of inner branch from high to low was free growth form， delayed open form， open form. The order of transmittance from high to low was open form， delayed open form and free growth form. The results showed that the open form had the advantages of small proportion of inner branch， high proportion of intercepted light radiation and high utilization rate of light energy， which were very important for fruit quality. However， it was recommended to delay open form in combination with economic benefits and maximization of benefits. The results of this study can provide a theoretical basis for tree shape transformation and tree shape selection of middle and low yield orchards.

Keywords：apricot trees; tree form; canopy analysis

杏（Armeniaca vulgaris）為蔷薇科杏属植物[1]，在中国栽培历史悠久[2]，杏原产我国，有记载的栽培历史有3 500年以上，杏树抗寒、抗旱、耐瘠薄、耐盐碱，易管理，是兼具经济效益和生态效益的先锋树种。随着杏树在我省种植面积的不断扩大，杏树成为大多数山区、丘陵地带（譬如大同的阳高县、长治的武乡县等地区）农民脱贫致富的主要经济来源、“一县一品”、“一村一品”的主要树种。但由于杏园多处于山区，交通、管理不便，缺少及时有效的管理，放任生长，自然生长的杏树树冠庞大郁闭，枝条密生，光照和通风不良，树体冠层结构不合理。内膛光照恶化……