传统制绳工艺考释
2021-08-16葛梦嘉孙晓蒋玉秋赛娜娃尔苏里堂
葛梦嘉 孙晓 蒋玉秋 赛娜娃尔?苏里堂



摘要: “绳”应是古代先民最早使用的工具之一,也是最初的动力来源。多孔制绳器及绳车是古代主要的制绳工具,其使用范围遍及全国。文章通过田野考察的方式,以新疆地区现存的传统绳车为研究对象,结合考古出土的“绳”及文献中的“绳车”使用记载,对制绳工具的起源、发展及使用方式进行剖析,并探讨制绳工艺与纱线合股的工艺源流。从民族学田野考察来看,部分考古出土的多孔器其实用属性应为原始制绳工具。后续绳车制绳是最初的机械能动设计思维的转化,综合运用了人机工程学及力学的设计思维,是古代纺织器具中重要的机械设计典范。
关键词: 绳车;多孔器;制绳;合股;马镳;民族学;工艺
中图分类号: TS952.25;K876.9
文献标志码: B
文章编号: 10017003(2021)07009905
引用页码: 071204
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7003.2021.07.016(篇序)
Textual research on traditional rope-making technology
GE Mengjia1, SUN Xiao2, JIANG Yuqiu3, SINAWAR Sulitang1
(1.School of Textile and Fashion, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China; 2.Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100710, China; 3.Academy of Fine Arts, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China)
Abstract: The "rope" should be one of the earliest tools used by ancient ancestors and the original source of power. The multi-hole rope maker and rope cart were the main rope making tools in ancient times, and their use range was all over the country. Through field study, the authors took the existing traditional rope carts in Xinjiang as the research object and combined the "rope" unearthed in archaeology and the records of the use of "rope carts" in the literature to analyze the origin, development and use of rope tools. And the origin of the rope making process and yarn plying process were discussed. From the field study of ethnology, some of the multi-hole device unearthed in archaeology should be primitive rope-making tools. The subsequent rope cart and rope making is the transformation of the initial mechanical dynamic design thinking, which combines ergonomics and mechanics design thinking, and is an important mechanical design model in ancient textile appliances.
Key words: rope cart; multi-hole device; rope making; plying; horse training tools; ethnology; craft
收稿日期: 20201217;
修回日期: 20210617
基金項目: 国家社会科学基金西部项目(19XKG007)
作者简介: 葛梦嘉(1993),女,讲师,主要从事新疆传统织造及纺织品考古相关的研究。通信作者:蒋玉秋,副教授,sokoo929@sina.com。
“绳”的发明及使用在人类历史上有着重要的历史意义,在机械化工具尚未发明的远古时代,“绳”是人类最初转化动力、机械传输的重要工具之一。如原始的“投石索击猎”时石球上所缠绕的绳索,搬运大型物品时常用绳索捆绑作为牵引力的来源,绳是强大的工具之一,也是容易被忽视的工具。如果不是考证纤维和绳索的物质存在,而是考证其实际应用,则关于绳索重要性的证据可以追溯到更久远的年代。……
