董泓廷

什么叫前后照应呢？前后照应既是一种写法手法，也是一种写作结构。它指的是文章前后两部分的呼应，即前面提到的问题后面有结果或者后面提到的内容前面有伏笔或暗示。前后照应运用得当能使文章结构严谨、表达的意思更为准确，从而使主题更突出。

请欣赏下面两篇优秀习作，看看它们是如何做到前后呼应的。

My Weekend

I often have fun on my weekend. I often go to the library to read books on Saturday morning. After lunch， I go swimming with my father. On Saturday night， I have a party at home and invite many friends. On Sunday morning， I always do my homework at home. But sometimes I also go for a walk. On Sunday afternoon， I finish my homework. Then I go to a movie with my family. At last， we eat at home.

What a relaxing weekend it is！

本篇习作介绍了作者周末两天的主要活动，文章思路清晰、表达准确、语言地道。文中的一大特色是运用了前后照应的写作手法，即以“I often have fun on my weekend.”引出主题，再以“What a relaxing weekend it is！”结尾。首句和尾句前后照应，相得益彰，起到了突出主题的作用。

My English Teacher

Miss Wang is my English teacher. She looks very young. She is about thirty years old， and she wears a pair of glasses. She is funny， but she is strict with us. She wants us to study hard. Her lessons are interesting， so we are very happy in her class and we all like her lessons. She is a good teacher， and we all like her.

本篇習作介绍了英语老师的年龄、外貌以及性格特征等，运用了前后照应的写作手法，即以“Miss Wang is my English teacher.”引出主题，再以“She is a good teacher， and we all like her.”结尾。

在英语写作中，前后照应的常见形式有以下三种。

1. 文题照应

文题照应就是文章内容与题目相互照应，尤其是开头就紧扣中心内容。例如：

I Love My School

I like my school very much. Our school is small， but its very beautiful. It is Luoyang Middle School.

...

This is our school， our second home. Do you like it？ Welcome to our school！ You can see many lovely students.

本篇习作运用了文题照应的写作手法，在文章开头就借助“I like my school very much.”与标题进行了文题照应。同学们在写作时，要注意将文章的主要内容与标题相互照应，这样更能突出文章的主题。

2. 尾题照应

尾题照应是文章的结尾与标题相互照应，通常又被称作“结尾扣题”。例如：

I Love My School

My school is in the east of Lianyungang. There are some modern buildings in my school. It was built in 2006. There are a lot of trees and flowers around it.

The school looks like a big garden. More than 2，000 students are studying in my school and about 150 teachers are working for us students here.

...

I love my school very much.

本篇习作运用了尾题照应的写作手法，结尾处的“I love my school very much.”与文章标题进行了尾题照应。在写作时，充分运用尾题照应有利于归纳全文。

3. 首尾照应

首尾照应即文章的开头与结尾相互照应。比如，在文章的开头交代背景、描写景物、抒发感情、说明道理等，然后在文章结尾处再次强调，与开头相互照应;也可以把含义较为深刻的话语放在文章末尾，以深化主题。例如：

When people say the word “hero”， who will you think of？ Do you have a hero in your heart？ Maybe your hero is...

From him， Ive learned that I should be brave， ready to help others and never give up in trouble. Grandpa Zhong is my hero in my heart！

本篇习作运用了首尾照应的写作手法，文章结尾处的“Grandpa Zhong is my hero in my heart！”与开头的“When people say the word “hero”， who will you think of？ Do you have a hero in your heart？ ”相互照应 。此外，“From him， Ive learned that I should be brave， ready to help others and never give up in trouble.”也起到了深化主题、画龙点睛的作用。

综上可知，前后照应是一种重要的写作手法，它不仅可以避免作文跑题，还可以让写作的主题更加鲜明和深刻。