林璐 梁涵 盘晓颖 何新芳

摘要 人中穴在《针灸大成》有较为全面的记载，现从腧穴定位、操作手法、腧穴性质及临床应用等方面进行探析总结。基于人中穴经络、特定穴等性质，其治疗病症涉及心脑系疾病、腰痛、五官及口腔、小儿佝偻、水肿、消渴等，现将其总结为调神、治经及治津液水气等方面。现代诊疗聚焦于穴位的近治作用和督脉经穴特性，然忽略其特定穴属性，因此在水肿、消渴二证中未尽其用。通过详细阐述人中穴在《针灸大成》各系统病证中的具体效用，旨在临床上精准用穴，以进一步拓宽穴位的现代应用范围。

关键词 人中;针灸大成;临床应用;特定穴;定位;刺灸法;治神;治经;津液水气

Abstract There are comprehensive records of Renzhong in Great Compendium of Acupuncture and Moxibustion than modern clinical.And the acupoint position，operation of traditional Chinese medicine，meridian nature and clinical application were discussed by reviewing the literature records of Renzhong（DU26）in Great Compendium of Acupuncture and Moxibustion.Based on the character of meridians and specific acupoint property，the treatments involve diseases of the heart and brain systems，backache，facial features and oral cavity，rickets，edema，diabetes，and so on.The writer summarize the clinical application to the aspect of regulation of the mind，meridian therapy，specific acupoint property.However modern clinical applications focus on the location and the theory that the acupoint belong to DU Meridian.Less attention is paid to the acupoint′s nature of its intersection with the Yangming Meridian，so we can′t make the most of it in the edema and diabetes.This paper explains the acupoint′s the clinical application of specific diseases.The conclusion of DU26′s clinical rules can exactly apply the acupoint and expanding the applied range，which can provide new ideas.

Keywords DU26; Great Compendium of Acupuncture and Moxibustion; Clinical application; Specific acupoint property; Acupoint position; Acupuncture and moxibustion method; Curing spirit; Treating meridians; Body fluid

中图分类号：R245-0文献标识码：Adoi：10.3969/j.issn.1673-7202.2021.10.013

《针灸大成》为杨继洲以家传《卫生针灸玄机秘要》为基石，汇集明以前针灸之大成，全面总结我国针灸学理论，对现代针灸临床及发展也具有重要指导意义[1]。人中穴，首载于《灵枢经》，《针灸大成》中又名“水沟”“鬼宫”。我们检索《针灸大成》中人中穴的有关文献，共计96处，通过对照腧穴的古今应用文献，以期将古代针灸临床经验充分运用于现代医疗，挖掘人中穴的功效，为临床精准用穴和拓宽腧穴应用范围提供新思路。现就腧穴定位、操作手法、腧穴性质及临床运用等3方面予以论述。

1 腧穴定位

《针灸大成》人中穴定位的论述，详见于《卷七·督脉经考正穴法》：“水沟（一名人中）鼻柱下，沟中央，近鼻孔陷中。”《卷八·穴法图》《卷三·行针总要歌》《卷三·百穴法歌》等定位描述基本一致。……