抗血栓药物阿加曲班的合成
2021-08-11邓宇周伟
邓宇 周伟

摘 要 目的:优化阿加曲班的合成工艺。方法:以市场易购得的苯胺为物料,经酰化,成环,还原,氯磺酰化进行制备,合成抗血栓药物阿加曲班的重要片段3-甲基喹啉-8-磺酰氯(片段1)。采用汇聚式的连接方式,选择以NG-硝基-L-精氨酸(片段2)为原料,经与片段1缩合,再与(2R,4R)-4-甲基-2-哌啶甲酸乙酯(片段3)缩合、水解、还原四步反应,制备阿加曲班。结果:片段1的收率由44%提高至70%;片段1和片段2对接后,再与片段3对接的收率由82.2%提高至94.6%。结论:改进的工艺便于操作,可降低生产成本。
关键词 抗血栓药 阿加曲班 合成
中图分类号:O623.73 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1006-1533(2021)13-0069-04
Synthesis of the antithrombotic drug argatroban
DENG Yu, ZHOU Wei
(Central Research Institute of Shanghai Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China)
ABSTRACT Objective: To optimize the synthetic process of argatroban. Methods: An important fragment of the antithrombotic drug a rgatroban, 3-methylquinoline-8-sulfonyl chloride (fragment 1), was synthesized from aniline readily available in the market by acylation, cyclization, reduction and chlorosulfonylation. Argatroban was prepared from NG-nitro-Larginine (fragment 2) by condensation first with fragment 1, then with (2R, 4R)-4-methyl-2-piperidine ethyl formate (fragment 3), hydrolysis and reduction in a convergent linkage way. Results: The yield of fragment 1 was increased from 44% to 70%. After the docking of fragment 1 and fragment 2, the yield of the docking with fragment 3 was increased from 82.2% to 94.6%. Conclusion: The improved process is easy to be operated and its production cost can be reduced.
KEy WORDS antithrombotic drug; argatroban; synthesis
血液系统疾病是由于血栓引起的血管腔狭窄与闭塞,使主要脏器发生缺血和埂塞而引发机能障碍的各种疾病[1-5]。阿加曲班是精氨酸的衍生物,化学名(2R, 4R)-4-甲基-1-[N-[(3-甲基-1, 2, 3, 4-四氢-8-喹啉基)磺酰]-L-精氨酰]-2-哌啶甲酸,为日本田边三菱化学研究所首次合成的低分子药物。阿加曲班与凝血酶的催化活性位点(包括丝氨酸-组氨酸-精氨酸结构)结合,灭活凝血酶[6]。该药于1990年首先在日本上市,被批准治疗外周血栓病和急性脑卒中,并于2000年和2002年先后在美国和中国上市。
目前,文献报道的阿加曲班有3条合成路线:①以化合物NG-硝基-L-精氨酸为起始物料,经缩合,脱叔丁氧羰基,缩合,水解,还原得到阿加曲班,总收率为58.4%[7]。工艺复杂,操作过程需要在氮气保护下进行,且使用剧毒试剂氯甲酸异丁酯,不适合工业化生产。②依然使用化合物NG-硝基-L-精氨酸为起始物料,经缩合,分离,脱Boc,缩合,还原得到阿加曲班,是①路线的改进,总收率为13.0%[8]。……
