摘 要：在长距离泵站输水工程中，常规的水锤防护方案通常是依据事故停泵工况来设置水锤防护措施，很少考虑爆管对输水系统过渡过程的影响。当下游输水管道某一点发生爆管事故时，剧烈的水锤降压可能诱发二次或连环爆管事故。分析了实际工程中地下埋管爆管的物理过程，并基于溢流稳压塔的工作原理建立了合理的数学模型。在设计水锤防护方案时，考虑事故停泵工况和爆管工况，提出了泵后空气罐与空气阀相结合的防护方案。结合某实际供水工程，对比了分别发生事故停泵和爆管时不同防护方案对水锤防护效果的影响，结果表明：常规的水锤防护方案可有效消除事故停泵水锤危害;空气罐与空气阀联合设置的防护方案可有效隔断爆管事故下水锤降压波的传播，避免二次爆管事故的发生。

关键词：长距离供水工程;爆管;事故停泵;水锤防护;空气罐;空气阀

中图分类号：TV136 文献标志码：A

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1000-1379.2021.07.028 引用格式：陈旭云，张健，俞晓东，等.考虑爆管工况的长距离供水工程水锤防护研究[J].人民黄河，2021，43（7）：145-148，159.

Abstract： During long distance water delivery project of pumping station， water hammer protection scheme of conventional pump is usually based on the pumping accident to set up the water hammer protection measures， the influence of buried pipe burst to the transition process of water delivery system is seldom considered. When a point in the downstream pipeline occurs pipe burst， severe water hammer drop can induce secondary or serial pipe burst accident. In this paper， the physical process of buried pipe burst in practical engineering was analyzed and a reasonable mathematical model was established based on the working principle of the overflow stable pressure tower. The pumping accident and the pipe burst accident were considered in the design of water hammer protection scheme and a protection scheme combining the air tank and the air valve after the pump was put forward. Combined with a practical water delivery project， this paper compared the influence of different protection schemes to the protection effect of water hammer in the case of pump stopping and pipe burst. The results show that the conventional water hammer protection scheme can effectively eliminate the harm of pump stopping accident， the combined protection scheme of air tank and air valve can effectively prevent the transmission of the pressure drop wave of the water hammer in the pipe burst accident and avoid the occurrence of the second pipe burst accident.

Key words： long distance water supply projects; pipe burst; pumping accident; water hammer protection; air tank; air valve

长距离供水工程输水距离长，沿途地质地形复杂，供水管道经常需要穿越河流、公路、铁路及居民区，而且供水系统的运行工况复杂，管道承受的内水压力变幅较大，再加上施工等其他外因的破坏，极大增大了管道发生爆管事故的概率。管道一旦发生爆管，将对输水系统以及周围环境产生很大的危害，因此水锤防护方案设计时在原有设计原则的基础上还应把爆管防护考虑进去。……