鲁婧 刘春晶 谷蕾蕾

摘 要：河湖岸线作为经济发展的重要资源载体而被社会逐渐重视。从河湖岸线的定义出发，优化和细化现行岸线功能分区。以前人研究通用的40个指标参数为基础，筛选出8个自然指标和6个社会经济指标作为开发适宜性的评价因子，然后建立

资料收集、功能区体系建立、评估分析和提出结论建议4个步骤的功能评估流程，为河湖岸线详细规划提供依据及参考。

关键词：河湖岸线;功能指标;评估流程

中图分类号：TV853 文献标志码：A

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1000-1379.2021.07.010

引用格式：鲁婧，刘春晶，谷蕾蕾.河湖岸线功能评估指标及体系构建探讨[J].人民黄河，2021，43（7）：51-55，83.

Abstract： As an important resources carrier of economic development， river and lake shorelines have been paid more and more attention by the society. This paper started from the definition of river and lake shorelines， based on the current function division， optimized the original partitions. Based on the existing research， the results of the data sets of 40 original indexes were sorted out， 8 national indexes and 6 social-economic indexes were finally screened out. These 14 indexes were used as evaluation factors for exploitation suitability. The functional evaluation processes were then further detailed， including data collection， functional evaluation system establishment， evaluation analysis and conclusion. It would provide a theoretical basis and reference for planning and detailed program of river and lake shorelines.

Key words： river and lake shoreline; evaluation index; evaluation process

1 引 言

自古人类傍水而居，许多大城市以大江大河为依托，岸线正是凭借地理及资源优势，成为人类生产生活的重要场所。“有水才有岸”，可见水域是岸线构成的核心要素。水域的类型、形态及水情的变化对岸线的形成起到决定性作用。根据水域位置可以将岸线分为海岸线、内河岸线（含洲滩岸线）和湖岸线（含水库岸线）。本文以后两者为研究对象，统称为河湖岸线。

岸线的概念和空间范围目前还没有统一而规范的界定，一般根据实际情况人为界定[1]。岸线规划和保护办法中，常把岸线视作“带状”区域：《南京市长江岸线保护办法》（南京市人民政府令第322号）中定义长江岸线为本市行政区域内长江（含洲岛）水陆边界一定范围内的带状区域[2];水利部颁发的《河湖岸线保护与利用规划编制指南（试行）》中定义河湖岸线为河流两侧、湖泊周边一定范围内水陆相交的带状区域，它是河流、湖泊自然生态空间的重要组成部分[3]。……