APP下载

近59a黄河流域蒸发量变化规律及影响因素

2021-08-11卓莹莹赵慧霞魏敏隋潇刘厚凤

人民黄河 2021年7期

卓莹莹 赵慧霞 魏敏 隋潇 刘厚凤

摘 要:为分析气候变化背景下黄河流域蒸发量变化特征及其影响因素,采用线性回归、Mann-Kendall突变检验分析和经验正交分解等方法对1961—2019年黄河流域95个气象观测站蒸发皿蒸发量变化进行分析。结果表明:近59 a黄河流域蒸发量呈显著下降趋势,全流域平均气候倾向率为-60.4 mm/10 a;2004年以后,蒸发量下降趋势加剧(气候倾向率为-219.4 mm/10 a);夏季下降趋势相对明显,春、夏、秋、冬气候倾向率分别为-12.7、-24.5、-10.4、-1.9 mm/10 a;不同河段蒸发量下降趋势不同,上、中、下游的气候倾向率分别为-59.3、-49.2、-74.9 mm/10 a。流域内蒸发量气候变化趋势存在两种空间分布模态:一致性分布模态和中部与东部、西部反位相的分布模态。通过偏相关、灰色关联度和多元回归分析发现,影响流域年蒸发皿蒸发量的主要因素有年均气温日较差、年日照时数、年降水量和相对湿度。

关键词:蒸发皿蒸发量;时空变化特征;气候因子;Mann-Kendall;正交经验分解;黄河流域

中图分类号:P467;TV882.1 文献标志码:A

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1379.2021.07.006

引用格式:卓莹莹,赵慧霞,魏敏,等.近59 a黄河流域蒸发量变化规律及影响因素[J].人民黄河,2021,43(7):28-34,77.

Abstract: In order to analyze the variation of pan evaporation and the influencing factors of the Yellow River basin in the context of climate change, this paper used linear regression, Mann-Kendall and EOF to analyze the pan evaporations of 95 meteorological stations in the Yellow River basin from 1961 to 2019. The results show that the pan evaporation has shown a significant downward trend in the past 59 years. The climate inclination rate of the whole basin is -60.4 mm/10 a. However, the decline in evaporation has been accelerated, with an evaporation value of -219.4 mm / 10 a since 2004. For seasonal variation, the climate inclination rates in spring, summer, autumn and winter are -12.7, -24.5, -10.4 and -1.9 mm/10 a respectively. The climate inclination rate in the upper reaches (-59.3 mm/10 a) is the highest, followed by the middle reaches (-49.2 mm/10 a) and the lower reaches (-74.9 mm/10 a). Two spatial distribution modes in the basin are identified, including consistent distribution and the anti-phase distribution of central and eastern and western. Based on partial correlation, grey correlation and multiple regression analysis, the main factors influencing the pan evaporation in the Yellow River basin are the annual mean daily temperature range, annual sunshine duration, annual precipitation and relative humidity.

Key words: pan evaporation; spatial-temporal distribution; climatic factors; Mann-Kendall; EOF; Yellow River basin

蒸發是水循环的重要环节之一,对水资源利用有着重要的影响。黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展是我国重大国家战略,研究黄河流域蒸发量是黄河流域水资源和生态环境研究的基础。目前已有学者对黄河流域的蒸发量进行了大量研究[1-7],其中:柳春等[4]对1961—2010年黄河流域蒸发皿蒸发量研究发现,该时段黄河流域蒸发量呈显著下降趋势,且四季中夏……

登录APP查看全文