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沁河年径流量非一致性水文频率分析

2021-08-11马钰其陈元芳张学成

人民黄河 2021年7期

马钰其 陈元芳 张学成

摘 要:气候变化和人类活动加剧使得水文序列的一致性遭到破坏,在变化环境下传统频率分析方法不再适用。选择沁河下游武陟站1951—2016年共66 a实测年径流量数据为研究对象,使用Hurst系数法对年径流量序列进行初步诊断,再运用线性回归、Spearman秩次相关检验和Kendall秩次相关检验3种方法对序列进行趋势诊断,采用Bayesian变点分析、Pettitt检验等9种方法进行跳跃诊断,基于水文序列振动中心重构方法对变异序列进行一致性修正,再对修正后的序列进行水文频率分析。结果表明,武陟站年径流量序列的Hurst系数为0.84,属于强变异,于1964年发生向下跳跃变异;修正后序列的频率计算成果在不同设计标准下均小于原序列的,且差值随设计标准提高而增大。

关键词:非一致性;年径流量;变异诊断;频率计算;沁河流域

中图分类号:TV121 文献标志码:A

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1379.2021.07.005

引用格式:马钰其,陈元芳,张学成.沁河年径流量非一致性水文频率分析[J].人民黄河,2021,43(7):24-27,50.

Abstract: Climate change and intensified human activities have destroyed the consistency of hydrological series that make traditional frequency analysis methods no longer applicable under changing environment. The measured annual runoff data during 1951-2016 (66 years) at Wuzhi Station locatedon the lower reaches of the Qinhe River was selected as the research object. Preliminary diagnosis of series by Hurst exponent method, then using linear regression method, Spearman rank correlation test and Kendall rank correlation test to make trend detection, Bayesian variable point analysis and Pettitt test all together 9 kinds of method to do change point test. It corrected the non-stationary series by vibration center reconstruct technology and analyzed the modified series. The diagnostic results show that the Hurst exponent of the annual runoff series at Wuzhi Station is 0.84, showing a strong variability. Downward jump variation shows in 1964. The frequency calculation results of the modified series are smaller than that the original series under different design standards and the difference increases with the design standard improvement.

Key words: non-stationary; annual runoff; variation diagnosis; hydrological frequency analysis; Qinhe River basin

年径流量频率分析的主要任务是研究其时空分布规律,为水利工程规划设计、水资源合理开发利用提供依据[1]。在气候变化和人类活动加剧的背景下,水文序列的一致性假设受到挑战,传统频率计算方法所得结果的可靠性受到质疑。因此,探讨非一致性水文序列频率分析方法具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。

近年来,国内外学者对这一问题进行了深入研究,取得了丰硕的成果[2-3]。目前非一致性水文频率分析方法分为两大类:一是数理统计方法,直接对非一致性水文序列进行频率计算;二是基于水文极值序列重构途径,对非一致性水文序列进行重构,使重构后的序列满足一致性要求,再利用传统方法进行水文频率计算。……

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