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大白菜新品种新科翠玉的选育

2021-08-10王晓玲肖艳原让花原静云刘学圣刘贺娟蒋雯

中国瓜菜 2021年6期

王晓玲 肖艳 原让花 原静云 刘学圣 刘贺娟 蒋雯

摘    要: 新科翠玉是新乡市农业科学院培育的大白菜杂交1代品种,由两个自交不亲和系J39290和43500杂交配制而成。河南新乡春、秋季播种后50 d 均可采收,小麻叶,球顶花心,叶球柱状;外叶深绿,心叶黄色。株高35~45 cm,株幅55~60 cm。球形指数1.8,净菜率76.7%,软叶率35.22%。采收期长,既可作为小棵娃娃菜栽培,又可作为大棵筒菜栽培,单球净质量0.8~1.5 kg,667 m2净菜产量3200~5500 kg。品质好,风味佳,极耐抽薹,抗霜霉病、病毒病、软腐病,高抗干烧心。适合河南、河北、山东、北京等以及其他喜欢长筒类型的地区春季、秋季种植。2018年通过农业农村部非主要农作物品种登记。

关键词: 大白菜; 新品种; 新科翠玉; 杂种1代

中图分类号:S634.1 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1673-2871(2021)06-088-03

Breeding of new chinese cabbage variety Xinkecuiyu

WANG Xiaoling1, XIAO Yan1, YUAN Ranghua1, YUAN Jingyun2, LIU Xuesheng1, LIU Hejuan1, JIANG Wen1

(1. Xinxiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Henan Province, Xinxiang 453000, Henan, China; 2. Henan Jinlei Seed Co. , Ltd., Xinxiang 453706, Henan, China)

Abstract: Xinkecuiyu is F1 hybrid of new Chinese cabbage variety, which crossed by two self-incompatible lines of J39290 and 43500. The growing period is about 50 days, with small hemp leaf, ball top flower heart and leaf bulb columnar. The outer leaves are dark green and inner leaves are yellow. The plant is 35-45 cm in height and 55-60 cm in width, the shape index is 1.8, soft leaf rate is 35.22%. The suitable harvest time is relatively long. It can be both cultivated as small tree baby vegetables and large tree tube vegetables. The single head weight is 0.8-1.5 kg, the ratio of net product is 76.7% and the net yield is 3200-5500 kg per 667 m2. This variety has good quality and good flavor. It is resistant downy mildew, virus disease and soft rot. It has high resistance to tip-burn. It is suitable for cultivation in Henan Province, Hebei Province, Shandong Province, Beijing and other areas in spring and autumn.

Key words: Chinese cabbage; New variety; Xinkecuiyu; F1 hybrid

1 育種目标

大白菜[Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis (Lour)Olsson]为十字花科芸薹属芸薹种中能形成叶球的亚种,起源于中国,是我国乃至世界性的大宗蔬菜之一[1-2]。大白菜原分布于中国华北,在中国各地广泛栽培。近些年,随着人们物质生活水平的提高,蔬菜消费水平也随之提升、需求呈多样性趋势[3]。品质佳、抗病性强的品种需求逐步在扩大;同时,小型大白菜、娃娃菜等多种类型需求并存;大白菜的种植也从单一的秋冬季节,转向周年种植[4-5]。小型大白菜的种植面积越来越大,种植区域也越来越广,由云南发展到甘肃、河北张家口承德坝上等高海拔地区以及河北固安、湖北等平原地区,种植季节由高海拔地区夏季、平原地区春季扩充到平原地区秋季,品种组成上由原先从韩国引进的娃娃菜品种春月黄到现在的国产品种与进口品种多品种并存[6-9]。……

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