蔡鹏 房超 李跃建 刘独臣 刘小俊 梁根云

摘    要：为探索适合四川地区茄子嫁接集约化、规模化育苗的最佳嫁接方法和工具，以天骄为接穗，以托鲁巴姆为砧木，研究采用不同嫁接方法和工具对茄子嫁接成活率、嫁接效率和成本的影响。结果表明，劈接法嫁接的成活率显著高于斜切法;嫁接工具的效率从高到低依次是：平口嫁接夹≥圆口嫁接夹>套管。在所有处理中，使用平口嫁接夹的劈接法嫁接效率最高、单株嫁接苗的材料和人工成本最低，成活率可高达100%，是四川地区茄子嫁接集约化、规模化育苗的首选。

关键词：茄子;嫁接方法;嫁接工具;集约化育苗;成本

中图分类号：S641.1 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1673-2871（2021）06-077-04

Effects of different grafting methods and tools on the grafting of eggplant

CAI Peng， FANG Chao， LI Yuejian， LIU Duchen， LIU Xiaojun， LIANG Genyun

（Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Variety Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province/Horticulture Institute， Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Chengdu 610066， Sichuan，China）

Abstract： In order to find out the best grafting method and tool for large-scale grafting eggplant seedling in Sichuan province， the effects of different grafting methods and tools on survival rate， grafting efficiency and cost of eggplant grafting were investigated， the eggplant cultivar Tianjiao were grafted on rootstock cultivar Solanum torvum in this research. The results showed that the survival rate of grafting was affected by the grafting methods and tools. The survival rate of cleft grafting was significantly higher than that of oblique cutting， and the efficiency of grafting tools from high to low was： flat end grafting clamp > round end grafting clamp > casing. Among all of the treatments， the cleft grafting with flat end grafting clamp was found the highest grafting efficiency， the lowest material and labor cost of single grafting seedling， and the survival rate could reach up to 100%， so it was the best choice for large-scale grafting eggplant seedling in Sichuan province.

Key words： Eggplant; Grafting method; Grafting tool; Intensive seedling; Cost

四川是茄子种植大省，2019年茄子种植面积6.66万hm2，产量200多万t。茄子不仅是四川省蔬菜生产的重要组成部分，也是农民增收的主导产业。目前，茄子生产主要采用基地化、专业化生产，轮作倒茬困难，导致黄萎病、青枯病等土传性病害频发、危害严重，制约了茄子产业的可持续发展。嫁接技术是克服土传病害、消除连作障碍的有效措施[1]，嫁接茄子植株在生长势、抗逆性和产量等方面均有较大优势，因而倍受种植户的欢迎。随着茄子种植面积的不断扩大、周年生产趋势的形成以及对产品质量的要求不断提高，生产上对优质种苗需求量越来越大，集约化、规模化育苗已成为发展的必然趋势。育苗周期短、育苗质量好、效率高、经济效益好是集约化育苗的基本特点。有研究……