甘蓝黑腐病苗期抗性鉴定方法研究
2021-08-10张鑫鑫张恩慧吴云锋许忠民蔡美杰孙庆国
张鑫鑫 张恩慧 吴云锋 许忠民 蔡美杰 孙庆国



摘 要:為了建立快速、准确的甘蓝黑腐病苗期抗性鉴定方法,以田间对黑腐病抗感差异表现明显的5个供试材料作为鉴别寄主,喷雾接种黑腐病菌株,设置1叶1心、2叶1心、3叶1心、4叶1心、5叶1心等5个接种苗龄,1×105、1×106、1×108、1×1010 CFU·mL-1等4种菌液接种浓度,26 ℃/19 ℃、28 ℃/19 ℃、30 ℃/19 ℃等3种培养温度,接种后0、12、24、36、48 h等5个保湿时间及接种后7、9、12、16 d等4个时间分别调查发病症状,确定影响抗性鉴定方法的关键因子。结果表明,上述处理组合能反映5个寄主材料的抗感特性,且高感与高抗材料的病情指数差值最大的分别为73.61、74.77和72.22。当甘蓝幼苗生长至3叶1心期,喷雾法接种浓度为1×108 CFU·mL-1菌液,接种后90%湿度下保湿36 h,在14 h光照、温度26 ℃/19 ℃培养下诱导病害发生,第12天调查幼苗发病程度,能够鉴定甘蓝材料的抗病性。
关键词:甘蓝;黑腐病;抗病性;苗期;鉴定方法
中图分类号:S635 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1673-2871(2021)06-039-08
Study on the method of identification of resistance to black rot in cabbage at seedling stage
ZHANG Xinxin1, ZHANG Enhui1, WU Yunfeng2, XU Zhongmin1, CAI Meijie1, SUN Qingguo1
(1. State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; 2. College of Plant Protection,Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China)
Abstract: In order to establish a rapid and accurate method for identification of resistance to black rot in cabbage at the seedling stage, we used 5 materials with significant differences in resistance to black rot in the field as identification hosts, sprayed inoculation with black rot strains, set 5 inoculation seedling ages (one leaf and one heart, two leaves and one heart, three leaves and one heart, four leaves and one heart, five leaves and one heart), 4 kinds of inoculation concentrations (1×105 CFU·mL-1, 1×106 CFU·mL-1, 1×108 CFU·mL-1, 1×1010 CFU·mL-1), 3 culture temperature treatments (26 ℃/19 ℃, 28 ℃/19 ℃, 30 ℃/19 ℃), 5 moisturizing times (0 h, 12 h, 24 h, 36 h, 48 h) and 4 investigation time (7 d, 9 d, 12 d, 16 d) to determine the key factors of the identification method. The results show that the above treatment combination can reflect the anti-susceptibility characteristics of the five host materials, and the difference between the disease indices of the high-sensitivity and high-resistance materials is 73.61, 74.77 and 72.22, respectively. When the seedlings grew to the three leaves and one heart stage, the bacterial suspension with a concentration of 1×108 CFU·mL-1,was inoculated by spraying method, moisturized at 90% humidity for 36 hours after inoculation, and the disease was induced under 14 h light and 26 ℃/19 ℃, the incidence of seedlings was investigated on the 12th day, the disease resistance of cabbage material could be identified.
Key words: Cabbage; Black rot; Resistance; Seedling stage; Identification method
甘蓝黑腐病是由野油菜黄单胞菌(Xanthomonas Campestris pv. campestris,Xcc)引起的一种细菌性病害[1],是亚洲、欧洲、北美洲十字花科蔬菜的主要病害[2-4]。病斑从叶片边缘的褪绿斑点逐渐向叶片的主脉扩张,形成“V”形病斑,颜色从黄色逐渐变为褐色,最后变为黑色[5]。甘蓝黑腐病野油菜黄单胞菌主要通过种子带菌和幼苗移植进行传播,也可以通过昆虫、灌溉用水、农场设备及工人进行农事活动等进行传播[6]。病菌也能在十字花科杂草寄主和土壤中受感染的作物残茬中存活[7-8]。亚热带许多蔬菜生产区典型的温暖潮湿气候有利于疾病的流行[9]。
近年来,甘蓝黑腐病在我国蔬菜主产区普遍发生,对甘蓝生产造成了很大危害,使甘蓝严重减产[10]。……
