壳聚糖及其衍生物的抑菌活性研究概述
2021-08-09刘瑶钟志梅
刘瑶 钟志梅

摘 要:壳聚糖结构独特,是自然界中唯一一种氨基多糖,对许多真菌和细菌具有显著的抑制作用。近年来的研究表明,壳聚糖对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌等细菌以及常见食物中毒菌都有良好的抑制作用。该文分别从壳聚糖、壳聚糖衍生物、壳聚糖复配产物三大部分的抑菌活性研究进行归纳,讨论国内外对于壳聚糖在抑菌方面的研究形势,以及壳聚糖制剂的制备和应用领域。
关键词:壳聚糖 壳聚糖衍生物 壳聚糖复配产物 抑菌活性 食品保鲜
中图分类号:R446.1 文献标识码:A文章编号:1672-3791(2021)04(b)-0112-05
Study on Antibacterial Activity of Chitosan and Its Derivatives
LIU Yao1 ZHONG Zhimei1,2
(1.College of Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University; 2.Key Laboratory of Soil Quality and Nutrient Resources of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 010018 China)
Abstract: Chitosan structure is unique, is the only kind of amino polysaccharide in nature, has a significant inhibitory effect on many fungi and bacteria. Recent studies have shown that chitosan has a good inhibitory effect on bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, as well as common food toadstools. This paper summarized the antibacterial activities of chitosan, chitosan derivatives and chitosan compound products, and discussed the research situation of chitosan in antibacterial activities at home and abroad, as well as the preparation and application fields of chitosan preparations.
Key Words: Chitosan; Chitosan derivatives; Chitosan complex products; Antibacterial activity; Food preservation
1 殼聚糖抑菌活性简介
1.1 壳聚糖及其衍生物抑菌研究概况
壳聚糖本身安全无毒、易于微生物降解[1],是无污染的环境友好型氨基多糖,结构见图1,具有很好的广谱杀菌效果和良好的生物相容性。壳聚糖衍生物以纤维、薄膜、微球、纳米颗粒及水凝胶等形式应用于各个领域。因此,壳聚糖及其衍生物的抑菌研究和应用前景广泛。
在农业领域中,壳聚糖等主要用作农业杀菌杀虫剂[2]、农药缓释剂、种子处理剂、植物病原菌生长抑制剂等。壳聚糖衍生物作为新型农药,在具备缓释控释作用的同时,还能提高药效、降低农药残留等毒副作用。畜牧业领域中,壳聚糖已经被认定为一种常用的畜禽饵料、饲料添加剂、免疫增强剂[3]。我国壳聚糖用于畜牧业的抑菌研究起步较晚,但其发展与应用前景非常开阔。医药领域中,国家药典中明确规定,壳聚糖常用于药用辅料、解崩剂、增稠剂等。……
