基于改进动态窗口法的无人水面艇自主避碰算法
2021-08-09刘渐道刘文张英俊李元奎
刘渐道 刘文 张英俊 李元奎



摘要:为研究避碰规则、无人水面艇(unmanned surface vessel, USV)运动学特点和海上交通复杂度等因素约束下的USV自主避碰技术,在分析初始动态窗口法的基础上,考虑《国际海上避碰规则》(International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, COLREGs)关于避碰行动时机、避让幅度、复航时机等方面的要求,建立融合避碰规则的动态窗口模型,设计融合避碰规则的动态窗口法。通过对比仿真实验验证该方法的可行性和有效性,具有一定的现实意义。
关键词: 无人水面艇(USV); 动态窗口法; COLREGs; 自主避碰
中图分类号: U675.96;TP273+.5
文献标志码: A
Automatic collision avoidance algorithm of unmanned surface
vessels based on improved dynamic window approach
LIU Jiandao1, LIU Wen2, ZHANG Yingjun1, LI Yuankui1
(1.Navigation College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, Liaoning, China;
2.National Engineering Laboratory for Transportation Safety & Emergency Informatics,
China Transport Telecommunications & Information Center, Beijing 100011, China)
Abstract:
In order to study the automatic collision avoidance technology of unmanned surface vessels (USVs), considering the
constraints of collision avoidance rules,
USV kinematic characteristics and the complexity of maritime traffic, the dynamic window model subject to collision avoidance rules is established based on the analysis of the original dynamic window approach. In the model, the requirements of
International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGs), such as the time of collision avoidance action, the range of collision avoidance action and the time to go back to the channel, are considered. The dynamic window algorithm subject to collision avoidance rules is designed. The feasibility and effectiveness of the method are verified by comparative simulation experiments, which shows that the method is of certain practical significance.
Key words:
unmanned surface vessel (USV); dynamic window approach; COLREGs; automatic collision avoidance
收稿日期: 2020-05-11
修回日期: 2020-07-17
基金項目:
国家自然科学基金(51679025,51709032);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(3132019313); 大连海事大学教改项目(2020Y6)
作者简介:
刘渐道(1983—),男,河北唐山人,讲师,博士研究生,研究方向为船舶智能航行,(E-mail)liujiandao@dlmu.edu.cn;
刘文(1987—),男,吉林扶余人,高级工程师,博士,研究方向为水上智能运输系统,(E-mail)liuwen@cttic.cn;
张英俊(1965—),男,山东聊城人,教授,博导,博士,研究方向为智能运输理论与系统,(E-mail)zhangyj@dlmu.edu.cn
0 引 言
无人水面艇(unmanned surface vessel, USV)作为一种轻量化智能水上运载工具,可应用于军事作战、海事监管和海洋环境检测等领域,受到越来越多的关注。它集速度快、体积小、机动性强等特点于一身,可以快速、高效、准确地完成任务。在复杂的海洋环境中,存在很多威胁USV航行安全的障碍物,因此,自主避碰技术是USV的核心技术之一。自主避碰技术是平面机器人路径规划领域中的重要部分,包括全局路径规划技术和局部避碰技术。具体地,全局路径规划技术是在环境信息已知的情况下,根据任务目标(如时间最短或距离最短)给机器人规划出一条可行路径;局部避碰技术指机器人在行进过程中遇到动态障碍物时采取正确合理的规避行动,及时有效地调整速度或方向,尽可能快速安全航行。……
