刘申瑜 闫畅

摘 要：为了建立织物视觉遮蔽性能的客观快速、简便的测试方法，选用反射率测定仪對织物进行表面反射率测定，与人眼主观评级法对织物视觉遮蔽性能检测的结果进行比较，探究其用于织物的视觉遮蔽性能测试的可行性，并获得与主观法相应等级的反射率分级范围。随后用该客观方法分析物理参数对织物视觉遮蔽性能的影响。结果表明，反射率在白色织物（R=0.8123）及有色织物（R=0.8962）上与人眼观测结果均密切相关，并划分了视觉遮蔽等级对应的反射率范围，有色织物比白色织物的视觉遮蔽效果更好。

关键词：织物;视觉遮蔽;反射率;检测方法;颜色

中图分类号： TS107

文献标志码：A

文章编号：1009-265X（2021）04-0063-06

Abstract： In order to establish an objective， rapid and convenient test method for the visual shielding performance of fabrics， the reflectivity tester was chosen to determine fabric surface reflectivity. The results were compared with the fabric visual shielding test results obtained by subjective rating of the human eye to discuss the feasibility of the method in testing visual shielding performance. Besides， the reflectivity ranges corresponding to those under the subjective approach were obtained. Then this objective method was introduced to analyze the effect of physical parameters on the visual shielding performance of fabrics. The results showed that reflectivity was closely related to observations of human eyes on both white fabrics （R=0.812 3） and colored fabrics （R=0.896 2）. The reflectivity ranges corresponding to levels of visual shielding were also determined. Colored fabrics showed better visual shielding effects than white ones.

Key words： fabric; visual shielding;reflectivity; test method; color

随着全球变暖，面料的轻薄化趋势也愈发明显[1]，但其缺乏良好的视觉遮蔽性能，存在隐私容易暴露的问题。织物视觉遮蔽性能的定义为在可见光照射条件下，织物阻止人的视线透过并清晰观察到被遮盖的人体或内衣的性能[2]。具备良好的视觉遮蔽性能的轻薄面料，能满足人们对夏季面料“薄而不透”的功能需求。目前在全球范围内对于织物“视觉遮蔽性能”的评价方法还不完善，缺乏成熟的测试标准，故此类“薄而不透”纺织品的发展遇到了瓶颈。目前织物视觉遮蔽性测试主要分为主观和客观方法。

主观法是从成像或者肉眼能见度的角度进行感官检测[3]，施楣梧等[4]借助标准灯箱和色牢度所用标准灰卡对织物进行评级，获得了色差等级对应的9个视觉遮蔽效果级数。……