传统发酵鱼制品品质及安全性研究进展
2021-08-09卜永士许惠雅施文正
卜永士 许惠雅 施文正


摘 要:发酵鱼制品不仅提高了淡水鱼的利用率,而且赋予鱼肉较高的营养价值和良好的风味。但传统发酵鱼制品制作工艺仅依靠工人经验进行操作,导致产品质量不稳定,安全性得不到保障。本文介绍传统发酵鱼制品工艺制作过程,分析影响发酵鱼制品品质的主要因素、产品品质变化过程和安全性,旨在为发酵鱼制品的加工工艺提供新思路,以期为发酵鱼制品产业化、标准化生产提供指导。
关键词:发酵;鱼制品;微生物;品质;安全
Progress in Research on the Quality and Safety of Traditional Fermented Fish Products
BU Yongshi1, XU Huiya2, SHI Wenzheng2,*
(1.Melaleuca Wellness Products Co. Ltd., Shanghai 200072, China;
2.Food College, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China)
Abstract: The production of fermented fish products not only improves the utilization rate of freshwater fish, but also endows fish meat with high nutritional value and good flavor. However, the manufacturing process of traditional fermented fish products simply relies on the workers experience, leading to instable product quality and poor safety. This article introduces readers to the production process of traditional fermented fish products, and analyzes the main factors affecting the quality of fermented fish products, the evolutionary process of product quality and product safety. The purpose is to provide new ideas for improving the processing technology of fermented fish products, and to provide guidance for the industrialization and standardized production of fermented fish products.
Keywords: fermentation; fish products; microorganism; quality; safety
DOI:10.7506/rlyj1001-8123-20210517-140
中圖分类号:TS254.4 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1001-8123(2021)06-0069-07
引文格式:
卜永士, 许惠雅, 施文正, 等. 传统发酵鱼制品品质及安全性研究进展[J]. 肉类研究, 2021, 35(6): 69-75. DOI:10.7506/rlyj1001-8123-20210517-140. http://www.rlyj.net.cn
BU Yongshi, XU Huiya, SHI Wenzheng, et al. Progress in research on the quality and safety of traditional fermented fish products[J]. Meat Research, 2021, 35(6): 69-75. DOI:10.7506/rlyj1001-8123-20210517-140. http://www.rlyj.net.cn
我国水产资源丰富,其中鱼类在水产动物原料中占了很大比重,2019年我国鱼类总产量高达3 529.88 万t,占水产品总产量的56.36%,其中养殖产量为2 708.61 万t,
捕捞产量为821.27 万t[1]。在渔业捕获季节,鱼类产量大且鱼肉具有水分含量高、营养丰富、内源酶活性高等特点,使新鲜鱼肉较其他肉类更易迅速发生腐败变质,降低其利用率。因此,对鱼类采取有效的贮藏措施十分必要。
发酵技术是加工和保藏食品的重要工艺之一,利用发酵技术处理鱼制品可以有效提高淡水鱼的利用率和附加值。发酵鱼制品通常是鱼肉经过腌制,添加酒、酒糟、米粉等配料后密封发酵,使鱼肉pH值降低,同时伴随微生物对蛋白质和脂肪的适度分解,使产品具有保藏性并具有特殊风味的一种鱼类加工方法。在发酵后,鱼制品的口感、风味能更好得到改善,其营养价值和安全性也可以得到提高[2-4]。……
