开窍法治疗相关窍病的研究进展
2021-08-09刘龙标解宇环冯光美王志红
刘龙标 解宇环 冯光美 王志红
【摘 要】 中医学对“窍”的认识已有数千年的历史,且内容丰富。《黄帝内经》将窍称为“七窍”“九窍”“上窍”“下窍”等,一般指头面五官七窍及前后二阴。开窍法是基于窍的理论及辨证论治基本原则治疗人体某种窍病的方法,注重窍与脏腑之间的联系,从整体上调节阴阳气血平衡。当代医家在长期临床实践中积累了丰富的治疗经验,文章对近20余年开窍法治疗相关疾病的文献进行整理,以期为更好地运用开窍法治疗窍病提供参考。
【关键词】 窍;窍病;开窍法
【中图分类号】R242 【文献标志码】 A 【文章编号】1007-8517(2021)12-0070-05
Abstract:The theory of “Qiao” in Traditional Chinese Medicine has a long history,and is rich in content Huangdi Neijing refers to the Qiao as the “seven Qiao”,“nine Qiao”, “upper Qiao”, “lower Qiao” and so on.It includes five sense organs and seven apertures in the head ,external genitalia and anus.Kai Qiao method treat Qiao diseases with the theory of Qiao and treatment based on syndrome differentiation.It pays attention to the connection between Qiao and the Zang-fu organs, adjusting the balance of Yin, Yang, Qi and blood on the whole. Contemporary TCM doctors have accumulated rich experience in long-term clinical practice. The literatures related treatment of Qiao diseases by Kai Qiao method over the past 20 years are summarized, to provide reference for the better application of Kai Qiao method in treating Qiao diseases in the future.
Keywords:Qiao; Qiao Diseases; Kai Qiao Method
中医言“窍”最初指目、鼻、口、耳、前阴及后阴,《素问·生气通天论》云:“天地之间……九窍、五脏、十二节,皆通乎天气。”《灵枢·脉度》云:“五脏常内阅于上七窍”[1],可见窍是与脏腑密切相关的人体组织结构。因而,窍病往往是脏腑病变的一个外候。仝小林[2]教授认为由于七窍在外通于表,在内通于脑(口窍除外),诸窍受病,可分为两类:一是外邪侵袭或五脏病变上传,使诸窍受邪,其仅局限于各窍的本病,与脑神无关;二是脑病累及诸窍所致之窍病。《灵枢·营气》云“五脏不和则七窍不通”,窍与五脏六腑紧密联系,外邪侵袭、脏腑失调,气机升降失常,瘀、火、风、湿诸邪上泛于人体九窍、毛窍、脑窍、溺窍、心窍或心包机窍等,均可致窍病的发生,如中风、抑郁症、痴呆、嗜睡、癫痫、遗尿、儿童多动症、手足口病等。
1 开窍法的概念
开窍通闭、苏醒神志是对开窍法的一般理解[3],多指开通心窍或心包机窍。
