王骏 朱忠燕 吴小保 宋佳 邓倩倩 任明见 叶茂

摘 要：为明确氯化钙对‘贵紫1号小麦生长和蚜虫发生数量的影响，本试验在大田条件下采用浸种、叶面喷施和灌根三种方式对小麦进行氯化钙处理，比较了不同处理方式对‘贵紫1号小麦田间蚜虫发生情况和植株分蘖数、株高及理论产量的影响。结果表明：3种氯化钙处理方式均可以明显减少‘贵紫1号小麦植株上禾谷缢管蚜Rhopalosiphum padi （Linnaeus）、麦二叉蚜 Schizaphisgraminum（Rondani）及麦长管蚜 Sitobion avenae（Fabricius）的发生数量，田间各处理的小麦植株上3种蚜虫发生量为禾谷缢管蚜>麦二叉蚜>麦长管蚜，其中氯化钙浸种处理的小麦植株上3种蚜虫的发生数量最少。此外，氯化钙浸种处理还显著提高小麦植株的分蘖数、株高以及理论产量。对小麦种子进行氯化钙浸种处理，操作简单方便，对提高‘贵紫1号小麦自身抗蚜性具有重要意义。

关键词：贵紫1号小麦;氯化钙;蚜虫;生长发育

中图分类号：S435.1;S512.1

文献标识码：A

文章编号：1008-0457（2021）02-0043-06

国际DOI编码：10.15958/j.cnki.sdnyswxb.2021.02.007

Abstract：A field condition experiment was conducted that ‘Guizi No.1 wheat plants treated with CaCl2 by three different methods，including seed soaking，spraying on leaf and root irrigation，and effects of these methods on the occurrence of aphids as well as the number of tillers，plants height and theoretical yield were examinedin order to clarify the effects of CaCl2 on the growth of wheat and the occurrence of aphid.The results showed that CaCl2treatments by all three methods could significantly reduce the number of Rhopalosiphum padi （L.），Schizaphisgraminum （Rondani） and Sitobion avenae on wheat plants，with the occurrence of three aphids：Rhopalosiphum padi>Schizaphisgraminum>Sitobion avenae，while numbers of all these three types of aphids were the lowest on wheat plants pre-treated by CaCl2 with method of seed soaking.In addition，seed-soaked plants significantly increased number of tillers，plant height and theoretical yield compared with control plants and plants treated by CaCl2 with method of leaf spraying and rootirrigation.Seed-soaked wheat seeds with CaCl2 is simple and convenient，and which is of great significance for improving the aphid resistance of ‘Guizi No.1 wheat.

Keywords：Guizi No.1 wheat;CaCl2;Aphids;Growing development

麦蚜是小麦生产上的重要害虫[1]，主要以禾谷縊管蚜Rhopalosiphum padi （Linnaeus）、麦二叉蚜 Schizaphis graminum （Rondani） 和麦长管蚜 Sitobion avenae （Fabricius）为主，均属半翅目、蚜科。麦蚜以刺吸式口器吸食寄主汁液，严重影响小麦的正常发育;该虫不仅可以直接取食为害小麦，还可以作为麦类作物病毒病的重要介体导致小麦病毒病流行，使小麦叶色变黄，植株矮化，分蘖减少，极大地影响小麦产量和品质[2-3]。目前，化学防治是主要防治麦蚜发生的主要手段，但化学农药的大量施用和滥用给我们带来了严重的环境和食品安全问题，与此同时麦蚜的抗药性也日渐凸显，给我们的防治带来了巨大的挑战。因此，我……