杨再福 喻会平 刘杰 刘育栋 朱勇 涂勇

摘 要：本研究通过田间试验评价烟草间作万寿菊对根结线虫的控制效果，与此同时对烟田土壤线虫进行采样、分离及鉴定，分析线虫的群落多样性，以期探究间作对土壤线虫群落的影响。结果表明，烟草间作万寿菊对根结线虫病的防效仅为30.98%，显著低于1.8%阿维菌素处理。4种不同种植模式下（烟草间作万寿菊、1.8%阿维菌素处理、单种烟草空白对照以及单种万寿菊阳性对照）三个时期共分离到线虫6070条，隶属2纲6目18个属。通过分析发现种植前试验地各小区间土壤线虫多样性较一致，烟草生长期及采收期，不同种植模式下土壤中的线虫群落存在一定的差异，在多样性、均匀度、优势度及丰富度上都表现出一定的变化。

关键词：烟草;万寿菊;间作;根结线虫;土壤线虫

中图分类号：S432

文献标识码：A

文章编号：1008-0457（2021）02-0016-05

国际DOI编码：10.15958/j.cnki.sdnyswxb.2021.02.003

Abstract：In this study，field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of tobacco intercropping marigold on root-knot nematode.Soil nematodes in tobacco field were also sampled，isolated and identified，and the community diversity of nematodes was analyzed to explore the effect ofthe intercropping marigold.The results showed that the control effect of tobacco intercropping marigold against root-knot nematode disease was only 30.98%，which was significantly lower than that of the 1.8% Abamectin treatment.A total of 6070 nematodes from 18 genera，6 orders and 2 classes were isolated under four different cropping patterns （tobacco-marigold intercropping，1.8% Abamectin treatment，tobacco mono-cropping，and marigold mono-cropping） in three periods.Through the analysis，it was found that the diversity of soil nematodes was relatively consistent before planting，and exhibited differences in terms of diversity，uniformity，dominance and richness during the growth and harvesting periods of tobacco under different cropping patterns in the test plots.

Keywords：tobacco;marigold;intercropping;root-knot nematode;soil nematode

根結线虫（Meloidogyne spp.）种类多、分布广、危害多种作物，是农业生产中的重要线虫[1]。其以二龄幼虫侵入植物根组织，定居在根组织内取食，同时分泌酶类、生长素等刺激细胞膨大，导致根局部膨大呈结状，根吸收水分及养分能力下降，植株呈现矮小、黄化症状，造成严重的经济损失，全球每年因此造成的农作物损失约占总产量的11%[1-2]。烟草根结线虫病在全国多个烟区严重危害，是烟草生产中的主要病害[3-6]。

万寿菊（Tagetes erecta L.）因其观赏和药用价值而被广泛种植。研究表明万寿菊全株具有抑杀根结线虫的活性物质[7-8]，利用植株粉碎还田对烟草和番茄的根结线虫病具较好的防效[9-10]。……