杨丽 刘元生 卜通达 陈祖拥

摘 要：在盆栽条件下通过对黄砂土、黄泥土、大泥土三种种植玉米的旱地土壤，施用不同数量的生物质炭及适量的肥料，探讨生物质炭与肥料配合对玉米产量的影响。试验结果表明：在旱地上生物质炭配合复合肥施用后，黄砂土、黄泥土、大泥土上玉米的产量提高了20.7%～61.2%;而生物质炭配合有机肥施用后玉米的产量则提高了21.0%～94.8%。黄砂土、黄泥土、大泥土上生物质炭附着营养液施用也能显著地提高玉米产量，比对照增加了10.4%～81.0%。生物质炭与肥料配合施用可以明显地提高玉米产量，特别是与有机肥配施。

关键词：黄壤;玉米;生物质炭;施肥;产量

中图分类号：S688.4

文献标识码：A

文章编号：1008-0457（2021）02-0009-07

国际DOI编码：10.15958/j.cnki.sdnyswxb.2021.02.002

Abstract：A pot experiment was conducted to investigate effects of different biomass carbon and fertilizerapplication on the maize yield，by applying different amounts of biomass charcoal and appropriate amount of fertilizer to three dryland soils of yellow sandy soil，yellow soil and the lime soil for growing maize.The results showed that the yield of maize in yellow sand soil，yellow soil and lime soil increased by 20.7% ～ 61.2% after biomass charcoal combined with compound fertilizer on dry land.The yield of maize increased by 21.0% ～ 94.8% after biomass charcoal combined with organic fertilizer.The application of biomass carbon attached nutrient solution on yellow sand soil，yellow soil and lime soil could also significantly improve the maize yield，which increased by 10.4% ～ 81.0% compared with the control.The combination of biomass charcoal and fertilizer could obviously improve the yield of maize，especially the combinationwith organic fertilizer.

Keywords：yellow soil;maize;biomass charcoal;fertilization;production

我国是一个农业大国，目前已成为农业废弃物产出率最大的国家[1]，传统农业长期以来直接将农业废弃物通过焚烧或直接就地还田等粗放的方式处理，不仅不利于资源的有效利用，还严重污染空气，对生态环境造成极大影响。将农业废弃物在高温厌氧环境下转化为生物质炭施入土壤的研究逐渐增多。而在此基础上进一步优化将生物质炭与肥料结合制成生物质炭基肥更是近年来的研究热点。生物质炭含有大量稳定芳香族结构及丰富孔隙度，具有较强的吸附性及大的表面积，之所以能作为肥料载体，其机理可能为：（1）生物质炭表面具有一些能够电离产生电荷的化学官能团，从而使其具有较高的离子吸附交换量，这能够让……